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A New Strategy to Modify Hopfield by Using XOR Operation
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The Hopfield network is one of the easiest types, and its architecture is such that each neuron in the network connects to the other, thus called a fully connected neural network. In addition, this type is considered auto-associative memory, because the network returns the pattern immediately upon recognition, this network has many limitations, including memory capacity, discrepancy, orthogonally between patterns, weight symmetry, and local minimum. This paper proposes a new strategy for designing Hopfield based on XOR operation; A new strategy is proposed to solve these limitations by suggesting a new algorithm in the Hopfield network design, this strategy will increase the performance of Hopfield by modifying the architecture of the network, the training and the convergence phases, the proposed strategy based on size of pattern but will avoid learning similar pattern many time, whereas the new strategy XOR shows tolerance in the presence of noise-distorted patterns, infinite storage capacity and pattern inverse value. Experiments showed that the suggested method produced promising results by avoiding the majority of the Hopfield network's limitations. In additional it learns to recognize an infinite number of patterns with varying sizes while preserving a suitable noise ratio.    

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Isolation and Identification the Cyanobacterium: Scytonema hofmanni var. calcicolum as New Record in Iraqi Drinking Water.
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The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the cyanobacterium Scytonema hofmanni Var. calcicolum from the domestic drinking tanks as a new record in Iraqi drinking water. Scytonema hofmanni var. calcicolum, a filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). This alga was isolated from the walls of the domestic plastic water tanks in Al- karkh/ Baghdad city on July 2014. The sampling was performed by collecting three samples from this tanks, the three examined samples microscopically revealed the dominance of this cyanobacterium as unialgal in the studied samples. The results showed this alga has the ability to tolerate high temperature up to 42 Cº and very low light intensity inside the tanks which up to 10 μE/m²/s.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 09 2018
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
THIRTY TWO ALGAE NEW RECORDS REPORTED IN PONDS AT GWER SUB-DISTRICT, ERBIL -KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
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    This study was carried out from February to October 2012 in six semi salty ponds in Gwer sub-district which is the first work in the area. A total of 32 species and 2 genera of algae where reported as the new records. Mostly the non diatoms are belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Chrysophyceae, while diatoms or Bacilariophyceae are belong to pennals- order.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2013
Journal Name
Al-nahrain Journal Of Science
Synthetic and Characterization of Some new Schiff bases Complexes with CoII, NiII, CuII and PdII ions
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A new ligand (H4L) and its complexes with (CoII, NiII, CuII and PdII). This ligand was prepared in two steps, in the first step a solution of terephthaldehyde in methanol reacted under refluxe with 1,2-phenylenediamine to give precursore compound which reacted in the second step with 2,4- dihydroxybenzaldehyde to give the ligand. The complexes were synthesized by direct reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the ligand. The ligand and complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods [FT-IR, UV-vis, 1HNMR, HPLC and atomic absorption], chloride contant in addition to conductivity measurement. The stability constant K and Gibbs free energy ∆G were calculated for [[Ni2(H2L)Cl2], [Cu2(H2L)Cl2] complexes using spectrophoto

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 1996
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
HAEMOPROTEUS BURHINUSA NEW SPECIES FROM THE STONE CURLEW, BU RHINUS OEDICN EMUS SAHARAE (REICHENOW) IN IRAQ
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Haemoproteus burhinus is described from the stone curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus saharae (Reichenow) from Al-Attariya, 45 km SE Baghdad city middle of Iraq. It is related to but differs from H. peireci in that it hypertrophied the erythrocyte and the erythrocyte nucleus is always laterally displaced in microgametocytes.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of new Schiff's and Mannich bases of isatin and isatin derivatives
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Publication Date
Tue Apr 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation for New Esters Derivatives Containing Two 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole Units
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     This work includes the synthesis of new ester compounds containing two 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings, 15a-c and 16a-c. This was done over seven steps, starting with p-acetamido-phenol 1 and 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole 2. The structure of the products was determined using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of some prepared compounds was achieved against four types of bacteria (two types of gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and two types of gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. Coli), as well as against one types of fungus (C. albino). The results show moderate activit against the study bacteria, and the theoretical analysis of the toxi

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Medicinal Chemistry
New Niflumic Acid Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, In silico Studies, and Anti-proliferative Assessment
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Background:

1,3,4-oxadizole and pyrazole derivatives are very important scaffolds for medicinal chemistry. A literature survey revealed that they possess a wide spectrum of biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects.

Objectives:

To describe the synthesis and evaluation of two classes of new niflumic acid (NF) derivatives, the 1,3,4-oxadizole derivatives (compounds 3 and (4A-E) and pyrazole derivatives (compounds 5 and 6), as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in silico and in vitro.

Methods:

The designed compounds were synthesized using convent

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 26 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis, Characterization and Acute Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of New Mefenamic Acid Derivatives Having 4-Thiazolidinone Nucleus
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Mefenamic acid (MA) is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it is widely used probably due to having both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, the main side effects of mefenamic acid include gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbance mainly diarrhea, peptic ulceration, and gastric bleeding. The analgesic effects of NSAIDs are probably linked to COX-2 inhibition, while COX-1 inhibition is the major cause of this classic adverse effects. Introduction of thiazolidinone may lead to the increase in the bulkiness leads to the preferential inhibition of COX-2 rather than COX-1 enzyme. The study aimed to synthesize derivatives of mefenamic acid with more potency and to decrease the drug's potential side effects, new series of 4-t

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of Bioorganic Chemistry
Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Anticancer Activities of New Schiff Bases and 1,3-Oxazepine Containing Drug
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Objective: This study involved the synthesis of new Schiff bases and 1,3-oxazepine derivatives from the baclofen drug and study the anticancer activities. Methods: Baclofen was initially reacted with aromatic aldehydes to create Schiff base derivatives (Ia–Ib), which were then closed in the next step using anhydrous acids to form oxazepine derivatives (IIa–IId). Results: The title compounds were synthesized successfully and identified using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, compound (IIc)’s (3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-[2-(4nitro-phenyl)-4,7-dioxo-4,7-dihydro-[1,3] oxazepin-3-yl]butyric acid) anticancer activity was assessed using MTT assay against FTC-133 (thyroid cancer) compared with WRL-68 (normal cell line). Discus

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of Organic Chemistry
New Quinolin-2-one, Indazole, and Benzisoxazole Derivatives Derived from Chalcones: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity
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