Arabic text categorization for pattern recognitions is challenging. We propose for the first time a novel holistic method based on clustering for classifying Arabic writer. The categorization is accomplished stage-wise. Firstly, these document images are sectioned into lines, words, and characters. Secondly, their structural and statistical features are obtained from sectioned portions. Thirdly, F-Measure is used to evaluate the performance of the extracted features and their combination in different linkage methods for each distance measures and different numbers of groups. Finally, experiments are conducted on the standard KHATT dataset of Arabic handwritten text comprised of varying samples from 1000 writers. The results in the generation step are obtained from multiple runs of individual clustering methods for each distance measures. The best results are achieved when intensity, lines slope and their
Development of NSAIDS based on inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity. However, the different physiological consequences arrised by appearance of new drugs with different selectivity to COX-2 enzyme upon their administration with their relevant affects on some cardiovascular risk factors. To study the potential effects of relatively diclofenac and highly specific celecoxib COX-2 inhibitors on lipid profile and serum C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes, whom have hyperlipidemia to be compared by their effects with normolipidemic patients. A total number of 34 type 2 diabetics (14 normolipidemics and 20 hyperlipidemics) treated with either diclofenac 100mg/day or celecoxib 200mg/day for eight weeks. Analysis of results indi
... Show MoreThis paper presents an investigation to the effect of the forming speed on healing voids that inhabit at various size in an ingot. The study was performed by using finite element method with bilinear isotropic material option, circular type voids were considered. The closure index was able to predict the minimum press force necessary to consolidate voids and the reduction. The simulation was carried out, on circular cross-section lead specials containing a central void of different size. At a time with a flat die, different ratio of inside to outside radius was taken with different speed to find the best result of void closure.
This study evaluated the structural changes of enamel treated by the Regenerate system and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser against acid challenge. Thirty human enamel slabs were prepared and assigned into three groups: Group I: untreated (control); Group II: treated with the Regenerate system; and Group III exposed to CO2 laser. All specimens were subjected to an acid challenge (pH 4.5–7.0) for 14 days. Specimens were evaluated and compared at 120 points using five Raman microspectroscopic peaks; the phosphate vibrations ν1, ν2, ν3, and ν4 at 960, 433, 1029, and 579 cm−1, respectively, and the carbonate at 1070 cm−1, followed by Vickers microhardness test. The ratio of carbonate to phosphate was correlated to the equivalent mic
... Show MoreThe issue of peaceful coexistence between societies is the topic of the hour, as it is one of the important issues in this era, especially in days when conflicts and conflicts abound, and even wars in the name of religion, gender, race, language, and the like. The world, so that single-mindedness and adherence to one opinion and intolerance to it became the method of dialogue in our world today, as writing in the field of peaceful coexistence, peace-building, tolerance, pluralism, and acceptance of the other is one of the new fields of knowledge in Iraq in general and in Nineveh Governorate in particular, as peaceful coexistence is one of the basic needs And necessary for the presence of individuals in societies, and it requires the achi
... Show MoreIs to obtain competitive advantage legitimate objective pursued by all organizations to achieve, because they live today in environments of rapid change and dynamic in order to meet the demands of the customer changing as well as intense competition between the organizations, which requires them to get the location of competitive markets in order to do this will remain to do the building and strengthening competitive advantage to be able to achieve, but that this feature is not easy and is not only through the identification and use of a successful strategy for a competitive standard and then manage it successfully. Hence the research problem of determining the sources of differentiation strategy and its impact on the dimensions of compe
... Show MoreNatural convection heat transfer is experimentally investigated for laminar air flow in a vertical circular tube by using the boundary condition of constant wall heat flux in the ranges of (RaL) from (1.1*109) to (4.7*109). The experimental set-up was designed for determining the effect of different types of restrictions placed at entry of heated tube in bottom position, on the surface temperature distribution and on the local and average heat transfer coefficients. The apparatus was made with an electrically heated cylinder of a length (900mm) and diameter (30mm). The entry restrictions were included a circular tube of same diameter as the heated cylinder but with lengths of (60cm, 120cm), sharp-edge and
... Show MoreGiven the growing interest in digital marketing operations and the technology imposed by the reality in which both companies and their customers are affected, the researchers attempted to shed light on the reality and challenges of digital marketing from the faculty members viewpoint at Jouf university, the problem is that technology has imposed a new reality that has resulted in a major change in behavioral patterns of customers with a number of obstacles and challenges confronted customers in digital marketing, it is expected that the outcomes of this study help companies in overcoming the obstacles that prevent the desire and ability of the customer to change his behavioral style to deal with electronic shopping operations and
... Show MoreThe study aimed to show the jurisprudential impact of the multiplicity of directing the syntactic movement of the Qur’anic readings, and it was based on the inductive, descriptive and analytical approach. , such as the difference in explaining the ruling on washing the feet, and the one who meditates on the Qur’anic readings notices in it a picture of the Qur’anic miracles, and this is what is manifested by the brevity of the speech. Collapse the research, and the research tried to trace the Qur’anic readings, contained in the verses, and the readings were limited to what is related to the explanatory meaning mentioned by the commentators, by clarifying the explanatory relationship between the Qur’anic readings and the me
... Show MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergencies and pain among orthodontic patients attending a teaching hospital. The study was conducted among orthodontic patients receiving active orthodontic treatment or in a retention period at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq. Their participation was voluntary, and they filled out an Arabic-translated questionnaire. The survey included general information, orthodontic problems, and a numerical rating scale for pain assessment. We used descriptive and inferential statistics (frequencies and intersecting frequencies), chi-square test and linear regression. Out of 75 orthodontic patients, only 54 (15 males and 39 females) were included in the s
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