Carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding is an EOR technique in which carbon dioxide is injected into the reservoir to improve the oil recovery. The reservoir oil and rock properties are altered when carbon dioxide interacts with the oil and rock present in the reservoir. Carbon dioxide injection alters the oil and rock properties by causing reduction in oil viscosity, oil swelling and wettability alteration of the rock. This paper will present a proposal to study the wettability alteration in carbonate formations during miscible carbon dioxide flooding. In miscible carbon dioxide flooding, the injection pressure of carbon dioxide would be kept above the minimum miscibility pressure. Thus carbon dioxide is miscible with the oil present in the reservoir. This paper primarily focuses on understanding the effect of crude oil composition on the change in wettability and asphaltene precipitation in carbonate rocks during miscible carbon dioxide flooding. Experiments will be carried out with different crude oils (Heavy, Medium and Light) on the same carbonate rock, at reservoir conditions, in order to observe the change in rock wettability. Interaction between formation and asphaltene would be investigated by measuring precipitation quantitiy into production recovery and rock at constant CO2 reservoir pressure. Carbonate rocks are very special due to the fact that usually carbonate rocks are oil wet and carbon dioxide tends to change the wettability of the carbonate rocks from oil wet to water wet. This change in wettability of the reservoir rock increases the oil recovery. Literature review revealed that considerable amount of research has not been done on the wettability alteration of carbonate rocks during miscible CO2 flooding process. Thus this topic needs to be further investigated and studied.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder that ultimately results in the progressive destruction of articular cartilage. The occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) increases with obesity and is more common in women compared with men. Thirty patients (20 females, 10 males) clinically diagnosed with knee OA admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital between January 2015-June 2015. Patients between 35-70 year of age and 30 healthy subject (20 females, 10 males) ages matched. The results showed that increased body mass index (BMI) is a well-recognized risk factor for knee osteoarthritis, and the effect of obesity is a stronger predictor of developing knee OA symptoms in women than men. There was also a significant diffe
... Show MoreEuropean Chemical Bulletin (ISSN 2063-5346) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers, short communications, and review articles in all areas of chemistry. European Chemical Bulletin has eight sections, namely
In humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the second most frequent gram negative nosocomial pathogen in hospitals and has the highest case-fatality rate of all hospital-acquired bacteremia because of the hardy resistance of these bacteria to mechanical cleansing as well as to disinfectant, and many antibiotics. The susceptibility of bacteria against the antibiotics is modulated by several local factors such as temperature which modified drug efficacy, so this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different temperature (20,42,45)Ċon the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antimicrobial agents before and after irradiation. The samples collected from 150 persons suffering from
... Show MoreThis search aim to measure Hardness for Epoxy resin and for unsaturated Polyester resin as base materials for composite Hybrid and the materials used is Hybrid fiber Carbon-Kevlar. The Hand Lay-up method was used to manufacture plates of Epoxy resin (EP) and unsaturated Polyester EP,UPE backed by Hybrid fiber (Carbon-Kevlar) and with small volume fraction 5,10 and 15 for every there are Layer of fibers (1,2 and 3). The hardness test was count for material EP, UPE resin and there composites and that we notice that the Hardness (HB) decreased with increase of temperatures.
The traction property is one of the important mechanical properties, especially the rotary parts which are subjected to constant and variable loads There are many methods used to improve this property, and the shoot peening by metal balls is considered the most critical one. the study focuses on this characteristic of steel CK35 used in many engineering applications as the rotating shafts and railway This study shows that the fatigue strength is improved by14% after shoot peening with metal balls. The study includs the rehabilitation of damaged samples as a result of fatigue corrosion. The standard solution adopted was 36% MgCl2 with a 30 days immersion period. These samples has been improved by 6% after it decreased by18% d
... Show Moreخلاصة (استطاعت اليابان بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية ان تنهض من جديد، وان تحقق تجربة تحديث سياسي جعلها تشهد تبدلات جذرية من الفقر الى الغنى ومن سيطرة الحكم العسكري الى الدولة المنزوعة السلاح ومن التخلف الى التكنولوجيا الاكثر تطورا في العالم, ومن الانغلاق والعزلة وذهنية سكان الجزر الى الانفتاح على ثقافات عصر العولمة ووسائل اعلامها. فكيف يمكن الاستفادة من هذه التجربة الحديثة سياسيا بل وحتى اقت
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Grabisch and Labreuche have recently proposed a generalization of capacities, called the bi-capacities. Recently, a new approach for studying bi-capacities through introducing a notion of ternary-element sets proposed by the author. In this paper, we propose many results such as bipolar Mobius transform, importance index, and interaction index of bi-capacities based on our approach.
planning is among the most significant in the field of robotics research. As it is linked to finding a safe and efficient route in a cluttered environment for wheeled mobile robots and is considered a significant prerequisite for any such mobile robot project to be a success. This paper proposes the optimal path planning of the wheeled mobile robot with collision avoidance by using an algorithm called grey wolf optimization (GWO) as a method for finding the shortest and safe. The research goals in this study for identify the best path while taking into account the effect of the number of obstacles and design parameters on performance for the algorithm to find the best path. The simulations are run in the MATLAB environment to test the
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This study reveals the impact of critical reading on viewers understanding and astatic judgment at artworks. And aims to find out the reasons and motives behind their issuing of these judgments towards artworks.
The study adopts the qualitative method as two pre and post interviews were conducted and analysed according to a thematic analysis method.
The results show that critical reading contributes to their understanding of the content of artworks and the message that the artist would like to convey to the recipient audience. and directs them towards the aesthetic judgment that is based on full understanding of the philosophical contents of the artwork, which, in turn, contributes to the development of artistic culture and a