Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of preheating microleakage among three different filler size composites which include Filtek^tm Z250 micro hybrid, Z250^xt Nano hybrid and nanocomposite Z350^xt.  in Class II cavity preparation .

Materials and methods: sixty maxillary first premolars were prepared with class II cavities. Samples were divided into three groups according to material used    group A (FiltekZ250 micro hybrid). Group B(Z250^xt Nano hybrid). Group C (nanocomposite Z350^xt)and each group divided into two subgroups of ten teeth according to temperature of  composite:

   The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of Crude extracts of  Solanum melongena  , Curcuma longa and  Daucus carota  on  mice mammary adenocarcinoma cell line was  studied . The concentrations  used were 62.5 125 , 250, 500 Microgram/militer for 24,48 and 72 hour . These exracts were prepared by  using alcoholic and  hot water methods . The preliminary chemical tests revealed acidic pH of all  extracts. The results showed  a clear  toxic effect of all extracts in a time and dose –dependent manner . The Curcuma longa  had the highest effect on adenocarcinoma 94.61% , followed by Solanum melonga( 93.20%)   and the lowest effect was by Da

This paper is devoted to investigate experimentally and theoretically the structural behavior of reinforced concrete hollow beams which have internal transverse ribs under effect of shear. The number of the internal ribs is the major variable adopted in this research, while, the other variables are kept constant for all tested specimens. The experimental part includes poured and test of four (200x300x1200mm) beam specimens, three of these specimens were hollow with different locations of internal ribs and one of them was solid. The experimental results indicated that the shear strength are increased (33%) to (60%) for beams containing internal ribs in comparison with reference beam. Also, the change of beam state from ho

Abstract Background: Articular cartilage lesions in the knee joint are frequently seen,its treatment represents a challenge for orthopedic surgeons especially in young age patients and if left untreated,then they can progress to advanced osteoarthritis that may affect the functional status of the patients.Many treatment modalities had developed for these lesions, in the current study arthroscopic micro fracture plus intra articular whole bone marrow(WBM) injection was used as modality of treating these lesions. Objectives: to assess the effectiveness of arthroscopic micro fracture plus WBM intra articular injection as a treatment modality for knee articular cartilage lesions. Patients and Methods : a prospective experimental study was perf

This study designed to examine association between-174G/C polymorphism of interleukin-6 gene and phosphate, calcium, vitamin D₃, and parathyroid hormone levels in Iraqi patient with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis. Seventy chronic renal failure patients (patients group) and 20 healthy subjects (control group) were genotyped for interleukin-6 polymorphism and genotyping was performed by conventional polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No significant differences in phosphate levels were observed in patients and control with different interleukin-6 genotypes. Control had non-significant differences in calcium levels, while patients with GG and CG genotypes displayed significant e

The purpose of this study is to investigate the histopathological response of dentinopulpal
response of human teeth to the Er: YAG laser cavity preparation in comparison with the conventional
class I cavity preparation. Thirty five sound human upper and lower first premolar teeth which were
needed to be extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in the study. Regarding to the method of
cavity preparation, the teeth were grouped into three groups; Group1; Control group which consists of
seven sound teeth without cavity preparation, Group2; Conventional cavity preparation group and group
3; Er: YAG laser cavity preparation group. Each of Group2 and3 consists of fourteen teeth that is
subdivided into: A. 7teeth that e

Simple and sensitive batch and flow injection methods (normal and reverse flow injection analysis (nFIA and rFIA)) for spectrophotometric determination of vancomycin hydrochloride (VHC) in pharmaceutical preparations were proposed and optimized. Both methods are based on the oxidative - coupling reaction between vancomycin hydrochloride and 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in the presence of sodium periodate in alkaline medium to form a yellow water-soluble product that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 461 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the range of 1- 40, 0.5-120 and 0.5-150 μg.mL-1; the limits of detection were 0.537, 0.0823 and 0.233 μg.mL-1 for batch, normal and reverse flow injection methods respectively. The sampling

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the thickness of alveolar bone of maxillary and mandibular incisors from orthodontics perspective. Materials and Method: A total of 73 Cone beam computed tomography for Iraqi patients (47 females and 26 males) were included in this study. The selected images were captured and imported to AutoCAD database software to perform the measurement. To measure alveolar bone thickness, a reference line was drawn through the long axis of each incisor, from the incisal edge to the root apex. Then, labial and lingual/palatal perpendicular lines were drawn to the reference line at 3, 6, and 9mm apically from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Results: The buccal bone is generally thinner than the lingual/palata

Abstract

At any moment, the continuous usage of medications can accompanied by DNA damage and the accumulation of such damages can cause serious consequences. Antidepressants are long-term used drugs and the incidence of their genotoxic impacts cannot be excluded. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the possible genotoxic effects of the commonly used antidepressants (fluoxetine and amitriptyline) in adult male rats.

Detection of DNA damage in individual cells was assessed by comet and micronucleus assays in three different cell populations i.e. liver, testis and bone marrow tissues of 24 swiss albino adult male rats. The animals were randomly allocated into three groups of 8 rats ea

     The objective of present study is to identify the adverse effects of cyclosporine A drug and the protective role of garlic in cytotoxicity test, including sperms deformation and histological changes in testes tissues of male albino rats. The study recorded significant increase p≥0.05 in sperms head and tail deformation rates in groups that were administrated cyclosporine and cyclosporine + garlic for two weeks compared with control groups which were administrated olive oil and garlic. The study reported significant decrease p≥0.05 in sperms head and tail deformation rates in the group that was administrated cyclosporine + garlic compared with group that was administrated cyclosporine only. In addition, the study also indicat