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Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin and Silymarin Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1, HNF4α, and HNF6 Pathways
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Background: Cyclophosphamide (Cpd), a common immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drug, can cause hepatotoxicity by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) and other sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and Silymarin is a natural compound extracted from the seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It is best known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects.Objective: By measuring oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver regeneration parameters, with an emphasis on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF4α and HNF6), Dapa's hepatoprotective effects in comparison to Sil on Cpd-induced liver injury will be evaluated. Methods: Five (5) groups of male rats ten rats each were created: control, vehicle (Na-CMC), Cpd (30mg/kg), Cpd + Dapa (3mg/kg), and Cpd + Sil (200mg/kg).. Rat liver tissue was examined for Nrf2, HO-1 (qRT-PCR), HNF4α (ELISA), and HNF6 (Western blot) levels after ten days. Results: Cpd significantly reduced Nrf2, HO-1, HNF4α, and HNF6 levels (*p < 0.0001). Dapa and Sil restored these markers, with Dapa showing superior upregulation of Nrf2 (2.182 ± 0.540 vs. Cpd 0.244 ± 0.096) and HO-1 (2.051 ± 0.533 vs. CP 0.487 ± 0.178) (*p< 0.0001). Dapa also significantly increased HNF4α (2135 ± 297.9 vs. CP 229.5 ± 50.21) and HNF6 (3.635 ± 0.610 vs. CP 0.515 ± 0.255) (*p< 0.001), outperforming Sil in enhancing HNF6 (*p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dapa ameliorates Cpd-induced hepatotoxicity by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and restoring HNF4α/HNF6 expression, demonstrating comparable or superior efficacy to Sil. These findings highlight Dapa’s potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 09 2024
Journal Name
Psychology And Education
Longevity of hope, its causes, effects, and treatments in light of the Qur'n and Hadith
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This study came to show the importance of long hope and its extent on human life, and I found that through the research, the majority of the scholars did not address this topic separately, and did not explain the travails of this situation and the worldly problems it causes to its owner, and the consequences that fall upon it in the hereafter. Most of the studies inside of the books consisted of a simple presentation of this problem and an explanation of the remedies that came to us from the Qur'an and the hadiths and the Sunnah, and on the sayings of the imams of guidance (may the best prayers and peace be upon them), and on the chosen companions and followers, may God be pleased with them, but the length of hope does not stop At a certain

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Publication Date
Sun May 03 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
Therapeutic Effect of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.) on Post Burn Injury in White Mice
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Prothrombin Time role in Head Injury & Intracranial Hematomas, A prospective Study of 325 cases
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Objective: Aimed to asses the role of PT estimation in early diagnosis and predicting the extent and the outcome of head injury with ICerH and/ or Contusion
Method :PT was measured by Digiclot 818
Group –1: One hundred consecutive head injured patients admitted at Neurosurgical and Al Ramadi teaching hospitals were initially estimated for prothrombin time and subsequently scanned
Group-2 : Two hundred twenty five consecutive non scanned head injured patients admitted to Neurosurgical and Al Ramadi teaching hospitals were estimated with prothrombin time at the time of insult and subsequently for the next two weeks Al – Kindy Col Med J 2012; Vol. 8 No. 1 P: 54
Clinical and neurological evaluation (GCS) score in addition to

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 04 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Crab Components and Crab Shell in Experimental Rats in Comparison with Dexamethasone and Diclofenac Sodium
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Crabs belong to the crustacean family (Decapods crustacean), and their shells contain natural ingredients from which the bioactive compounds are derived. It has been used as folklore medicine in cancer treatment. We investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects for crab shells and whole crabs. Thirty-six rats (150–200 gm) from both sexes were used, divided into six groups, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity measured using cotton pellet induce granuloma model. Detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), superoxide (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using ELISA Kits. The data analysis by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Values are significant at (p < 0.05).

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Archives Of Razi Institute
The Effect of Active Compounds and Trace Elements Extracted from Artemisia Fruit on Some Liver Enzymes in Humans
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Artemisia is a perennial wild shrub with large branches and compound leaves. Artemisia contains about 400 types, and its medical importance is due to the presence of many active substances and compounds such as volatile oils, alkaloids and flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and coumarins. This study was designed to study the effect of the aqueous extract of the fruit of the Artemisia plant on the organs of the body, as well as to know its ability to activate the hepatic enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT/GPT). The fruit of this shrub was extracted using the measurement technique gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MASS) and organic solvent hexane and ethyl acetate in one to one ratio. It contained 21 compounds, a high percentage

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Electrical and morphological study of thermally evaporated (Sb2S3)1-xSnx thin films
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(Sb2S3)1-xSnx thin films with different concentrations (0, 0.05 and
0.15) and thicknesses (300,500 and 700nm) have been deposited by
single source vacuum thermal evaporation onto glass substrates at
ambient temperature to study the effect of tin content, thickness and
on its structural morphology, and electrical properties. AFM study
revealed that microstructure parameters such as crystallite size, and
roughness found to depend upon deposition conditions. The DC
conductivity of the vacuum evaporated (Sb2S3)1-x Snx thin films was
measured in the temperature range (293-473)K and was found to
increase on order of magnitude with

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
History Of Medicine
The multifaceted role of Dectin-1 and Card9 in inflammatory bowel disease Iraqi patients
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The study aimed to investigate the role of Dectin-1 and Card-9 in pathogenicity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This investigations involved 150 blood samples for IBD patients which divided in to two groups (50 for crohns disease CD (G2) and 50 for ulcerative colitis UC (G3)). All a apparently (male and female) attended to) Al-Kindy hospital) in Baghdad city, department of Gastroenterology. and all of thin were diagnosis by consulters medical staff and pathologists with age range 15-65years average 40 years. in addition to 50 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals as control group (G1). 10 ml were withdrawn from all participants, 5ml for the immunological study which carried by ELISA technique and 5 ml used fo

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Pakistan Journal Of Medical And Health Sciences
Comparison of 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Glutathione Reductase Levels in Thyroid Gland Patients
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 22 2017
Journal Name
Pakistan Journal Of Biotechnology
THE ROLE OF HLA-DRB 1 ALLELE IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT PERIODONTITIS
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Hypothyroidism is a frequent disorder in the general population, especially among women, is defined as adeficiency of thyroid activity that results from insufficient production or action of thyroid hormones leading to a totaldecrease of metabolic. Human leukocyte antigen is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. Genes of this regioninfluence susceptibility to certain diseases.Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of HLA-DRB1 genotyping in hypothyroidpatients with and without periodontitis. Sixty hypothyroid patients 30 of patients were with periodontitis and 30without periodontitis compare with 30 healthy subjects as control enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted fromblood samples, then HLA- genotyp

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 27 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Evaluation of the Clinical use of Metformin or Pioglitazone in Combination with Meloxicam in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis; using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis outcome Score
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Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent arthritic disease and a leading cause of disability. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis involves multiple etiologies, including variable degree of synovial inflammation. Metformin and pioglitazone could potentially reduce the levels and activity of inflammatory mediators. This may consider as a new therapeutic approach added to the current used drugs in an attempt to decrease the pain, inflammation, and improve daily activity and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This study designed to evaluate the clinical utility of using metformin or pioglitazone as anti-inflammatory agents in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) of selective type of cyclooxygen

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