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Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin and Silymarin Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1, HNF4α, and HNF6 Pathways
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Background: Cyclophosphamide (Cpd), a common immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drug, can cause hepatotoxicity by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) and other sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and Silymarin is a natural compound extracted from the seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It is best known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects.Objective: By measuring oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver regeneration parameters, with an emphasis on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF4α and HNF6), Dapa's hepatoprotective effects in comparison to Sil on Cpd-induced liver injury will be evaluated. Methods: Five (5) groups of male rats ten rats each were created: control, vehicle (Na-CMC), Cpd (30mg/kg), Cpd + Dapa (3mg/kg), and Cpd + Sil (200mg/kg).. Rat liver tissue was examined for Nrf2, HO-1 (qRT-PCR), HNF4α (ELISA), and HNF6 (Western blot) levels after ten days. Results: Cpd significantly reduced Nrf2, HO-1, HNF4α, and HNF6 levels (*p < 0.0001). Dapa and Sil restored these markers, with Dapa showing superior upregulation of Nrf2 (2.182 ± 0.540 vs. Cpd 0.244 ± 0.096) and HO-1 (2.051 ± 0.533 vs. CP 0.487 ± 0.178) (*p< 0.0001). Dapa also significantly increased HNF4α (2135 ± 297.9 vs. CP 229.5 ± 50.21) and HNF6 (3.635 ± 0.610 vs. CP 0.515 ± 0.255) (*p< 0.001), outperforming Sil in enhancing HNF6 (*p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dapa ameliorates Cpd-induced hepatotoxicity by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and restoring HNF4α/HNF6 expression, demonstrating comparable or superior efficacy to Sil. These findings highlight Dapa’s potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 21 2026
Journal Name
International Journal Of Modelling And Simulation
Effects of wind, global warming and fear in a disease-induced Hassell-Varley predator-prey model through Caputo fractional order derivative
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Nano Biomedicine And Engineering
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Phenolic Extract of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeasts
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Possible Anti-Asthmatic Effect of Iraqi Ammi Majus Seeds Extract Against Asthma Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder of airways characterized by inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous secretion, and remodelling. Ammi majus is medicinal plant belong to family of Apiaceous which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study designed to investigate of anti-asthmatic activity of alcoholic extract of Ammi majus in improvement of asthma. Forty-eight healthy female mice divided to six groups Group I:  the negative control group (distal water only), Group II: Positive control group (ovalbumin group), Group III: Ammi majus (64 mg/kg/day) with sensitization, Group IV:Ammi majus  (128 mg/kg/day) w

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Possible Anti-Asthmatic Effect of Iraqi Ammi Majus Seeds Extract Against Asthma Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder of airways characterized by inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous secretion, and remodelling. Ammi majus is medicinal plant belong to family of Apiaceous which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study designed to investigate of anti-asthmatic activity of alcoholic extract of Ammi majus in improvement of asthma. Forty-eight healthy female mice divided to six groups Group I:  the negative control group (distal water only), Group II: Positive control group (ovalbumin group), Group III: Ammi majus (64 mg/kg/day) with sensitization, Group IV:Ammi majus  (128 mg/kg/day) with sensitization, Group V: Ammi majus (64 mg/kg/day) without sensitiza

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of local application of red cloveroil (trifolium pratense) on bone healing in rats
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Background: Red clover oil (Trifolium pratense) has isoflavones bunches which have estrogen-like exercises and may establish an option in contrast to hormone substitution treatment. The present study investigated the impact of Red clover oil on bone healing in rats by histomorphometric study. Materials and Methods: Intra bony defect was performed in right femur of thirty six healthy male albino rats. Then these rats were randomly divided into three groups (12 rats each): one control and 2 experimental groups. For control, the bony defect was left for normal healing; for the experimental (S) group, the defect was treated with hemostatic absorbable gelatin sponge; and for experimental (RS) group, the bony defect was treated with 0.2 ml red

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 17 2025
Journal Name
Nano Life
Biomedical Assessment of ZnO, MnO and Se Nanoparticles Synthesized via Laser-Induced Plasma: Effects on Thyroid Hormone Levels
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In this study, nanoparticles were synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation technique, employing an Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The ablation process was carried out at room temperature under varying laser energy of 950 mJ. The structural characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The biological impact of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by administering two different doses (1 ml/kg and 4 ml/kg) to experimental animal models. The study evaluated changes in thyroid hormone levels, specifically thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T[Formula: see text] and thyroxine (T[Formula: see text]

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Efficacy of Topically Applied Silymarin in the Treatment of Herpes Labialis Ulcers
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Herpes labialis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, characterized by an eruption of small and usually painful blisters on the skin of the lips, mouth, gums, or the skin around the mouth. Although there is no successful treatment available, the local use of compounds with effective anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects may be of value in this respect. This project was designed to evaluate clinically the local use of silymarin, a group of flavonoids with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity, in the treatment of herpes simplex ulcer. Fifty three patients with herpes labialis ulcers (HLU) were enrolled in this randomized, single blinded, placebo controlled clinical study, and they were al

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Comparative Effects of Fentanyl, Medazolam, Lignocaine and Propranolol on Controlling the Hemodynamic Pressor Response during Laryngoscopy and Intubation
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Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are considered the most invasive stimuli in anesthesia. They provoked cardiovascular responses that include hypertension, tachycardia and dysrhythmias. Various pharmacological approaches have been used to blunt or attenuate such pressor responses. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of medazolom, lignocaine and propranolol as a valuable adjuvant to fentanyl in attenuating hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation in normotensive patients. Thirty two patient with physical status I or II according to the score of American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA), scheduled for elective surgery under standard general anesthesia, were randomly allocated into four groups (8 patients in ea

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Immunohistochemical evaluation of epidermal growth factor expression in skin wound treated by capparis spinosa flavonoid extract in alloxan induced diabetes rats
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In diabetes, impaired wound healing and other tissue abnormalities are considered major concerns. Many factorsaffect the time and quality of wound healing. One of the purposes of medical sciences is wound healing in a short time withreduced side effects. The herbal products are more precious in both prophylaxis as well as curative in delayed diabetic woundhealing activity when compared to synthetic drugs.A wide range of evidence has shown that capers plant possesses differentbiological effects, including antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical analysis shows thatC. spinosahashigh quantities of bioactive constituents, including polyphenolic compounds, which are responsible for its health-promotingeffects. The healing

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Medical Journal Of Babylon
Dual and Multiple AV Nodal Pathways, What is The Deference in Typical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
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Abstractin adult typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) consider most common paroxysmalsupraventricular tachycardia. Dual pathway idea still accepted and used widely and commonly. According tothe guide line, ablations of slow pathway still the first treatment with good success rate.Identify the electrophysiological difference of atrioventricular nodal pathways pre and post ablation.Electrophysiological study was done to 54 patients with only typical type AVNRTs; they were 40 (74%)females and 14 (26%) males. Divided into two groups G1 with 38 patients (70.4%) having one pathway andG2 with 16 patients (29.6%) with multiple pathway. After induction we study the clinical andelectrophysiological feature of tachycardia and s

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