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Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin and Silymarin Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1, HNF4α, and HNF6 Pathways
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Background: Cyclophosphamide (Cpd), a common immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drug, can cause hepatotoxicity by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) and other sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and Silymarin is a natural compound extracted from the seeds of the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It is best known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects.Objective: By measuring oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver regeneration parameters, with an emphasis on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF4α and HNF6), Dapa's hepatoprotective effects in comparison to Sil on Cpd-induced liver injury will be evaluated. Methods: Five (5) groups of male rats ten rats each were created: control, vehicle (Na-CMC), Cpd (30mg/kg), Cpd + Dapa (3mg/kg), and Cpd + Sil (200mg/kg).. Rat liver tissue was examined for Nrf2, HO-1 (qRT-PCR), HNF4α (ELISA), and HNF6 (Western blot) levels after ten days. Results: Cpd significantly reduced Nrf2, HO-1, HNF4α, and HNF6 levels (*p < 0.0001). Dapa and Sil restored these markers, with Dapa showing superior upregulation of Nrf2 (2.182 ± 0.540 vs. Cpd 0.244 ± 0.096) and HO-1 (2.051 ± 0.533 vs. CP 0.487 ± 0.178) (*p< 0.0001). Dapa also significantly increased HNF4α (2135 ± 297.9 vs. CP 229.5 ± 50.21) and HNF6 (3.635 ± 0.610 vs. CP 0.515 ± 0.255) (*p< 0.001), outperforming Sil in enhancing HNF6 (*p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dapa ameliorates Cpd-induced hepatotoxicity by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and restoring HNF4α/HNF6 expression, demonstrating comparable or superior efficacy to Sil. These findings highlight Dapa’s potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Investigation of the Characteristics of CO (1-0) Line Integrated Emission Intensity in Extragalactic Spirals
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This paper aims to deal with the understanding of the properties of the molecular gas hydrogen in the extragalactic spirals sample. It is critical to make observations of CO (J = 1-0) line emission for spiral galaxies, particularly those with an energetic nucleus.  In the sample of spiral galaxies compiled, a carbon monoxide CO (1-0) emission line can be observed. This sample of galaxies' gas kinematics and star-forming should be analyzed statistically utilizing appropriate atomic gas HI, molecular gas H2, infrared (1μm-1000μm), visual (at λblue-optical=4400A0), and radio spectrum (at νradio=1.4 GHz and 5GHz) databases. STATISTICA is software that allows us to perform this statistical analysis. The presence of a high scale of s

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
360 degree reverse feedback / comparative analytical study for a sample of managers and heads of departments in the Central Electricity DepartmentAnd the General Directorate of Water and Sewage
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يسعى البحث إلى الاهتمام بإحدى الوظائف المهمة في إدارة الموارد البشرية وهي تقويم الأداء التي تواجه مجموعة من الانتقادات والآراء السلبية، اذ ظهر في الأّونة الأخيرة أنموذج جديد يمكن إن يتجاوز تلك السلبيات وهو أنموذج التغذية العكسية المتعدد المصادر درجة .وقد حاول الباحثان توظيف هذا المفهوم في اثنتين من المنظمات العامة العراقية هما (دائرة كهرباء الوسط) التابعة لوزارة الكهرباء
و (دائرة الماء والمجاري) ال

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 15 2017
Journal Name
كلية بغداد للعلوم الاقتصادية الجامعة
Competitiveness of business organizations according to the role of knowledge management and customer orientation: a comparative survey study in Iraqi business organizations
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The research aims to reach a set of objectives concerning creation a clear vision about conceptual, philosophical and practical dimension of relations, and effects between knowledge management, costumer orientation and competitiveness to construct a framework of a pragmatic model as a solution to research problem and its questions which the main one is about the role of knowledge management and costumer orientation in competitiveness of business organizations. To achieving this goal, it was necessary to make, in priory, a review and discussion to the theoretical dimension of research variables to have a clear vision about constructing hypostatical research model implying a set of hypotheses which, by proving them in companies studied, repr

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 25 2024
Journal Name
Entrepreneurship Journal For Fiinance And Business
The role of psychological ownerships' dimensions in deterring the effects of toxic leadership: Analytical research in some companies at the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Iraq
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The research aims to clarify the role that psychological ownership, through its dimensions, plays in deterring the effects of toxic leadership, through its dimensions, in the Ministry of Industry and Minerals. The research started with a basic problem represented by the following question: "Using psychological ownership and its application in deterring the negative effects of toxic leadership." The research used the descriptive-analytical method. The sample was randomly selected from workers in some selected companies affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Baghdad, and the sample size reached 124 individuals. One of the most important results is that there is an effect of the psychological ownership variable, based on the

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Publication Date
Tue May 05 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Pioneering Medical Sciences
Clinical and Biochemical Indicators Associated with Impaired Kidney Function in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study.
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Background: Kidney failure is the leading cause of early death for diabetic patients and is regarded as the most dangerous consequence of the disease. This can only be reversed through early detection and intervention. The incidence of type 1 diabetes, which comprises 5-10 per cent of all diabetic diseases, is rising across the globe with a rate of 15 per 100,000 people per year. Methods: 90 samples were collected and used in this study. Thirty healthy children served as controls (aged 5-15 years), 30 patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM, aged 5-15 years) and 30 patients with type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN), aged 5-20 years). Results: highly significant increase in Urea and Creatinine levels when compared control with DN al

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Fertility Hormones for Female Rats
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Abstract<p>The direct application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is the main scope of plasma medicine in or on the organism for curative purposes. Cold plasma is both effective in disrupting a wide range of microorganisms including multiple drug resistant ones (MDRs) and to stimulate proliferation of mammalian cells. It has obtained by Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) system. The present study aimed to show the effected of cold plasma on the fertility hormones LH, Prolactin, Estrogen, and Testosterone hormones for healthy adult female rats (Albino) / bulb c). There are divided into many groups according to time exposure of plasma (15, 30, 60, and 90 second) and a refere</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Language Studies
Translation Challenges in Children's Literature: A Comparative Study of Story Narratives
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This paper presents the intricate issues and strategies related to the translation of children's books, and it particularly focuses on the comparative analysis of "The Tale of Peter Rabbit" by Beatrix Potter and "Le Petit Prince" (The Little Prince) by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The study finds that the typical problems in translation are, idiomatic expressions, cultural reference, and the voice preservation, along side-sheet-specific challenges which each of the text faces. The translator of Potter's work should have skills of transposing all culturally oriented peculiarities of the UK land to the international audience to keep it accessible. On the contrary, "Le Petit Prince" translation will be the process of capturing the abstra

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Composition operator induced by a polynomial of degree n
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In this paper, we characterize normal composition operators induced by holomorphic self-map , when and .Moreover, we study other related classes of operators, and then we generalize these results to polynomials of degree n.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Estimation of electron temperature for SiO2 plasma induced by laser
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In this work; Silicon dioxide (SiO2) were fabricated by pulsed
laser ablation (PLA). The electron temperature was calculated by
reading the data of I-V curve of Langmuir probe which was
employed as a diagnostic technique for measuring plasma properties.
Pulsed Nd:YA Glaser was used for measuring the electron
temperature of SiO2 plasma plume under vacuum environment with
varying both pressure and axial distance from the target surface. The
electron temperature has been measured experimentally and the
effects of each of pressure and Langmuir probe distance from the
target were studied. An inverse relationship between electron
temperature and both pressure and axial distance was observed.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Sciences
Improvement of Mechanical Welding Properties by using Induced Harmonic Vibration
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