Background: The access cavity is a critical stage in root canal therapy and it may influence the subsequent steps of the treatment. The new minimally invasive endodontic access cavity preparation concept aims to preserve sound tooth structure by conserving as much intact dentine as possible including the pulp chamber's roof, to keep the teeth from fracturing during and after endodontic treatment. While there is great interest in such access opening designs in numerous publications, still there is a lack of scientific evidence to support the application of such modern access cavity designs in clinical practice. This review aims to critically examine the literature on minimal access cavity preparations, explain the effect of minimally inva

The downhole flow profiles of the wells with single production tubes and mixed flow from more than one layer can be complicated, making it challenging to obtain the average pressure of each layer independently.  Production log data can be used to monitor the impacts of pressure depletion over time and to determine average pressure with the use of Selective Inflow Performance (SIP). The SIP technique provides a method of determining the steady state of inflow relationship for each individual layer. The well flows at different stabilized surface rates, and for each rate, a production log is run throughout the producing interval to record both downhole flow rates and flowing pressure. PVT data can be used to convert measured in-situ r

The downhole flow profiles of the wells with single production tubes and mixed flow from more than one layer can be complicated, making it challenging to obtain the average pressure of each layer independently.  Production log data can be used to monitor the impacts of pressure depletion over time and to determine average pressure with the use of Selective Inflow Performance (SIP). The SIP technique provides a method of determining the steady state of inflow relationship for each individual layer. The well flows at different stabilized surface rates, and for each rate, a production log is run throughout the producing interval to record both downhole flow rates and flowing pressure. PVT data can be used to convert measured in-situ rates

The concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules was recently introduced by Omar A. Abdullah and Haibat K. Mohammadali in 2022, where he studies this concept and it is relationship to previous generalizationsm especially  2-Absorbing submodule and Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule, in addition to studying the most important Propositions, charactarizations and Examples. Now in this research, which is considered a continuation of the definition that was presented earlier, which is the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules, we have completed the study of this concept in multiplication modules. And the relationship between the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule and Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Abs

Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some new results (up to our knowledge) on the concept of weak essential submodules which introduced by Muna A. Ahmed, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called weak essential, if N ? P ? (0) for each nonzero semiprime submodule P of M. In this paper we rewrite this definition in another formula. Some new definitions are introduced and various properties of weak essential submodules are considered.

This paper is concerned with introducing and studying the o-space by using out degree system (resp. i-space by using in degree system) which are the core concept in this paper. In addition, the m-lower approximations, the m-upper approximations and ospace and i-space. Furthermore, we introduce near supraopen (near supraclosed) d. g.'s. Finally, the supra-lower approximation, supraupper approximation, supra-accuracy are defined and some of its properties are investigated.

Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some new results (up to our knowledge) on the concept of weak essential submodules which introduced by Muna A. Ahmed, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called weak essential, if N ? P ? (0) for each nonzero semiprime submodule P of M. In this paper we rewrite this definition in another formula. Some new definitions are introduced and various properties of weak essential submodules are considered.

The aim of the research to apply TD-ABC technology to determine the idle capacity of the central oil companies (oil field east of Baghdad), as a modern cost management technology based on time-oriented activities (TD-ABC) is used by industrial companies in general and oil companies on In particular to build a sustainable Calvinist pillar and make future decisions by identifying idle energy to gain it a competitive advantage, the descriptive analytical approach has been adopted in calculating and analyzing the company’s data for 2018, and the most prominent conclusions of this research are managing idle energy and the task of applying cost technology on the basis of time-oriented activities and providing Convenient spatial infor

        In this article, unless otherwise established, all rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unitary left R-module. We offer this concept of WN-prime as new generalization of weakly prime submodules. Some basic properties of weakly nearly prime submodules are given. Many characterizations, examples of this concept are stablished.