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Removal of mobile genetic elements from the genome of Clostridioides difficile and the implications for the organism’s biology
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Clostridioides difficile is an emerging pathogen of One Health significance. Its highly variable genome contains mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons and prophages that influence its biology. Systematic deletion of each genetic element is required to determine their precise role in C. difficile biology and contribution to the wider mobilome. Here, Tn5397 (21 kb) and ϕ027 (56 kb) were deleted from C. difficile 630 and R20291, respectively, using allele replacement facilitated by CRISPR-Cas9. The 630 Tn5397 deletant transferred PaLoc at the same frequency (1 × 10−7) as 630 harboring Tn5397, indicating that Tn5397 alone did not mediate conjugative transfer of PaLoc. The R20291 ϕ027 deletant was sensitive to ϕ027 infection, and contained two unexpected features, a 2.7 kb remnant of the mutagenesis plasmid, and a putative catalase gene adjacent to the deleted prophage was also deleted. Growth kinetics of R20291 ϕ027 deletant was similar to wild type (WT) in rich medium but marginally reduced compared with WT in minimal medium. This work indicates the commonly used pMTL8000 plasmid series works well for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion, resulting in the largest deleted locus (56.8 kb) described in C. difficile. Removal of MGEs was achieved by targeting conjugative/integrative regions to promote excision and permanent loss. The deletants created will be useful strains for investigating Tn5397 or ϕ027 prophage contribution to host virulence, fitness, and physiology, and a platform for other mutagenesis studies aimed at functional gene analysis without native transposon or phage interference in C. difficile 630 and R20291.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2017
Journal Name
The Journal Of Immunology
Definition of the Nature and Hapten Threshold of the β-Lactam Antigen Required for T Cell Activation In Vitro and in Patients
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Abstract<p>Covalent modification of protein by drugs may disrupt self-tolerance, leading to lymphocyte activation. Until now, determination of the threshold required for this process has not been possible. Therefore, we performed quantitative mass spectrometric analyses to define the epitopes formed in tolerant and hypersensitive patients taking the β-lactam antibiotic piperacillin and the threshold required for T cell activation. A hydrolyzed piperacillin hapten was detected on four lysine residues of human serum albumin (HSA) isolated from tolerant patients. The level of modified Lys541 ranged from 2.6 to 4.8%. Analysis of plasma from hypersensitive patients revealed the same pattern and leve</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measurement of the effect of some macroeconomic variable on the phenomenon of unemployment in Iraq For the period 2003-2018
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The aim of this research is analysis the effect of the changes in (GDA, g, inflation) at average and standard economic curriculum in composition of the models, depending on SPSS program in analysis, and according to available date from central bank of Iraq and during the period from 2003 to 2018 and by using OLS and estimate of the equation and the results showed a statistical significance relation in incorporeal level 5% and the R2 value equal  to 92.1 refer to the changes in independent variables explain 92% of changes of unemployment and the independent variables effect are very limit depend on estimated parameters in the model and respectively (0.986,0.229,-0.060), the research recommended necessity to active the inve

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
مجلة الدراسات المستدامة
The Quality of University Environment According to the Viewpoint of Female Students: The College of Sciences for Woman an Example
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This research aims at identifying the level of quality of University environment according to the viewpoint of female students taking the College of Sciences for Woman an example, as represented in the college units as registration unit and the unit of students' affairs, the curricula, instructors, study halls, the college library, scientific labs, computer access, stationary and photocopying services, health care center, the unit of artistic, cultural and sportive activity, the canteen, the college gardens, college buildings and equipment and bathrooms. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a questionnaire to identify the viewpoints of female students concerning the extent of the availability of the standards o

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 11 2019
Journal Name
Day 3 Wed, November 13, 2019
Drill Bit Selection Optimization Based on Rate of Penetration: Application of Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms
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Abstract<p>The drill bit is the most essential tool in drilling operation and optimum bit selection is one of the main challenges in planning and designing new wells. Conventional bit selections are mostly based on the historical performance of similar bits from offset wells. In addition, it is done by different techniques based on offset well logs. However, these methods are time consuming and they are not dependent on actual drilling parameters. The main objective of this study is to optimize bit selection in order to achieve maximum rate of penetration (ROP). In this work, a model that predicts the ROP was developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on 19 input parameters. For the</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Difference in distribution of the labor force by occupation for Sulaymaniyah governorate residents for the year 2013
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The study aims to elucidation Difference distribution of the labor force by occupation in Sulaymaniyah governorate for the year 2013 by result field study to governorate and explain different Spatially for labor force by career. and The study reaches That Executive staff and Scribes and who join their high ratio from Total the labor force And the second Grade to Specialists and Technicians and who join their While Occupied career Production workers and who join their and Operators Transport Equipment and Engaged the third Grade from the total labor force and Continued Height in career Executive staff and who join their on the male labor force too . while Production workers in second Grade for male labor force , while the female labor for

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Analyzing the content of the two science books (the two chemistry units) for the intermediate stage according to environmental problems
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    The main goal of the current research is to know -Environmental problems included in the content of the two science books (chemistry units) for intermediate stage

A list of environmental problems had been prepared  and  consisting of (8) main areas which are (air and atmosphere pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, energy, disturbance of biodiversity and environmental balance, waste management, food and medicinal pollution, investment of mineral wealth). Of which (60) sub-problems,  at that time the researcher analyzed the two science books (two chemistry units) for the intermediate stage of the academic year (2020-2021) in light of the list that was prepared, and the validity and consisten

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Wasit Journal Of Computer And Mathematics Science
Cheating in E-learning from the perspective of lecturers within Iraqi universities
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Online examination is an integral and vital component of online learning. Student authentication is going to be widely seen when one of these major challenges within the online assessment. This study aims to investigate potential threats to student authentication in the online examinations. Adopting cheating in E-learning in a university of Iraq brings essential security issues for e-exam . In this document, these analysts suggested  a model making use of a quantitative research style to confirm the suggested aspects and create this relationship between these. The major elements that might impact universities to adopt cheating electronics were declared as Educational methods, Organizational methods, Teaching methods, Technical meth

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 04 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Teaching Explanation Difficulties in Islamic University from the lecturers Point of View
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This study is about awareness of teaching explanation difficulties in the Islamic university from the lecturers point of view. It discussed the difficulties and the traditional teaching methods of explanation. The study concentrated on teaching Islamic studies in general and teaching explanation in specific and set difficulties so as to be treated.

            The study is of three chapters, the first contains the difficulties in several aspects like the educational goals, text contents, teaching methods and styles, students, educational techniques, educational aids and evaluation, it addition to the lecturers of Islamic university colleges in 2009-2

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
NEW RECORD OF THE GENUS LARRA FABRICIUS, 1793 (HYMENOPTERA, CRABRONIDAE) FROM VIETNAM
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The genus Larra Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) is recorded for the first time from Vietnam. Three species and two subspecies belonging to this genus as follows: L. amplipennis (F. Smith, 1873); L. carbonaria (F. Smith, 1858); L. fenchihuensis Tsuneki, 1967; L. polita polita (F. Smith, 1858) and L. polita luzonensis Rohwer, 1919 are presented. Keys to both sexes of the three species and two subspecies reported here are provided.

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 02 2014
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The evaluation of left ventricle stiffness index in patients suffering from hypertension
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Many diseases can produce cardiac overload, of these disease hypertension, valve disease congenital anomaly in addition to many other disease. One of the most common diseases causing left ventricle overload is hypertension. A long term hypertension can cause myocardium hypertrophy leading to changes in the cardiac contractility and reduced efficiency. The investigations were carried out using conventional echocardiography techniques in addition to the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) from which many noninvasive measurements can be readily obtained. The study has involved the effect of hypertension on the myocardium stiffness index through the measurement of early diastolic filling (E) and the early velocity of lateral mitral annulus (E

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