Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. The present study aimed to shed a light on the contribution of interlukin-35 and its relation to some sex hormones in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Sixty six female patients with age range (20-40) years were taken from Baghdad Teaching Hospital through the period from Nov. 2012 to –April 2013 and 20 apparently healthy subject as control group matched age as group G1. The patients were divided into three groups depending on duration of MS diseases G2 from 3 months to 2 years, G3 from 2 years to 4 years, G4 from 4 years to 10 years and more. Investi

Background: Women with previous two or
more caesarean deliveries are usually
managed by elective cesarean section to avoid
the possible risks of labor.
Objective: To compare the relative risks of
maternal and fetal outcomes in emergency
versus elective previous two or more
caesarean deliveries
Design: Randomized prospective clinical
study
Setting: Al-Elweya Maternity Teaching
Hospital, from 1st of March to 31st of
September 2008.
Methods: The study groups, those who had
previous two or more caesarean deliveries,
were included from the hospital admissions.
The 1st group (102 women) presented in labor
and was managed by caesarean delivery as
soon as it was possible. The second group (7

Background: Osteoarthritis OA is the most common joint disorder in the world. Injection of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid intra-articular with steroid is a one of the used therapeutic option for patients with (OA)knee.

Objectives: Objective of this study was the evaluation the efficacy, safety, pluse duration of action of viscosupplementation of the  HMWHA( high molecular weight hyluranic acid ).

Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: From 81 patients with sever knee pain due to OA (grades 3–4) were recruited from Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital  & a private clinic during the period from January 2014 till July 2016.

Background: One of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment is formation of white spots, which are initial carious lesions. Addition of antimicrobial agents into orthodontic adhesive material might be wise solution for prevention of white spots formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesive primer against S. Mutans after adding the three different types of nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO, or TiO2). Materials and methods: Discs were prepared using empty insulin syringe approximately 2 mm×2 mm rounded in shape specimens (40 discs) were divided into four groups (ten discs for each group): The first group was the control (made from primer only), the second group (10 dis

This study provides valuable information on secondary microbial infections in H1N1 patients compared to Seasonal Influenza in Iraqi Patients. Nasopharynx  swabs were collected from  (12 ) patients  infected with Seasonal influenza (11  from Baghdad  and 1 Patient from south of Iraq) ,and ( 22 ) samples from patients with 2009 H1N1 ( 20 from Baghdad and  2 from  south of Iraq). The results show that the patients infected with 2009 H1N1 Virus were younger than healthy subjects and those infected with seasonal influenza. And the difference reached to the level of significance     (p< 0.01) compared with healthy subjects.Two cases infected with 2009 H1N1 virus (9.1%) were fro

The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of a rational, emotional, behavioral program in developing self-efficacy to reduce the level of Burnout in 20 teachers of students with autism disorder in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The proposed program included 12 training sessions. The researcher found that the proposed program has contributed significantly to the development of self-efficacy and reduce the level of Burnout for the targeted subject in this study.

Background: A minimally invasive antral membrane balloon elevation (MIAMBE) has been introduced to overcome the invasiveness of modified Caldwell-Luc (lateral approach) and the drawbacks of the osteotome (summers' technique) in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery. Materials and methods: A total of 13 adult Iraqi patients aged 28-55 years, 4 males and 9 females underwent sinus floor elevation surgery via crestal approach by using sinus balloon technique. A panoramic radiograph and (Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)/or medical CT scan) were obtained before and after surgery. Postoperative gained bone was assessed and the patient reactions including pain, nasal bleeding, and ecchymosis were recorded. The whole follow up period was 1yea

The eflicacy  of six formula from chloropyrifos against tem1ite

Microterotermes - diversus on citrus tree orchards has been

tested years .

Data!rom field trials confirmed that Dursbau 4TC, chlorpyrifos -

500 EC and Talaban 40,8 TC at rate 100 mL L protected citrus trees for two years.  While ch1orfate. 40.8 TC, Dormate 40,8TC, Yamasban

40,8 TC protected  them for 16,16 and 12 months respectively at the same concentration.

But the rate of 5m1/ L of Dursban, chropyfros 500 EC , Chlorfat,

Tafabun yamashan and Dormate protected the trees tor 24,16,4,4,2

and 4 months  , respectively .