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Protective effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol against enterotoxin‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome are mediated by modulation of microbiota
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Background and Purpose

Staphylococcal enterotoxin‐B (SEB) is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens that exerts profound toxic effects by inducing a cytokine storm. Inhaled SEB can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is often fatal and with no effective treatments.

Experimental Approach

Efficacy of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was tested in a mouse model of SEB‐mediated ARDS, in which lung inflammation, alterations in gut/lung microbiota and production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was measured. Gene dysregulation of lung epithelial cells was studied by transcriptome arrays. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to confirm the role of microbiota in suppressing ARDS.

Key Results

While SEB triggered ARDS and 100% mortality in mice, THC protected the mice from fatality. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that THC caused significant and similar alterations in microbiota in the lungs and gut of mice exposed to SEB. THC significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial species, Ruminococcus gnavus, but decreased pathogenic microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila. FMT confirmed that THC‐mediated reversal of microbial dysbiosis played crucial role in attenuation of SEB‐mediated ARDS. THC treatment caused an increase in SCFA, of which propionic acid was found to inhibit the inflammatory response. Transcriptome array showed that THC up‐regulated several genes like lysozyme1 and lysozyme2, β‐defensin‐2, claudin, zonula‐1, occludin‐1, Mucin2 and Muc5b while down‐regulating β‐defensin‐1.

Conclusion and Implications

The study demonstrates for the first time that THC attenuates SEB‐mediated ARDS and toxicity by altering the microbiota in the lungs and the gut as well as promoting antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory pathways.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Evaluation of the Properties of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Prepared by the Green Method Using Phoenix dactylifera Extract
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Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via an eco-friendly green approach by adding Phoenix dactylifera extract to the aqueous solution of ferric chloride. The effect of annealing temperature (Ta) (100-150) °C on particle size was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to evaluate the produced nanoparticles. According to XRD spectra, the crystallite size of the samples was determined using the Scherrer formula. AFM and FE-SEM were used to determine surface morphology. A UV-Vis optical spectroscopic examination was carried out to determine the band gap energy of the iron oxide nanoparticles. It was found th

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 31 2000
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Influence of Temperature on Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Air-Saturated 7NH3PO4 by Potassium Iodide
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effectiveness of the harvesting strategy in the collection of environmental art by the Institute of Fine Arts students
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 The current research aims to: (know the effectiveness of the harvesting strategy in the achievement of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in environmental art.
- In order to know this effectiveness, the researcher put a main zero hypothesis and derived six sub-hypotheses from it. the usual way; As the research community reached (120) male and female students of the Fine Arts Institutes for the morning study in Baghdad. As for the research sample, it was chosen by the simple random method, and the number was (75) male and female students for the year 2021-2022 AD. The researcher applied a pre-knowledge test for the four groups of research to find out the level of previous experiences of students in the subject of environmen

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Natural Gas Science And Engineering
Recovery of mono-ethylene glycol by distillation and the impact of dissolved salts evaluated through simulation of field data
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Desalination And Water Treatment
Stabilization of phenol trapped by agricultural waste: a study of the influence of ambient temperature on the adsorbed phenol
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Stabilization of phenol trapped by agricultural waste: a study of the influence of ambient temperature on the adsorbed phenol

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 31 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The idiomatic lesson by Dr. Ahmed Matloub
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This research intends to reveal a vital and vital aspect of the linguistic, multifaceted aspect of linguistic concern of Dr. Ahmed Maatoub, may God have mercy on him. In spite of the large number of what has been written about the deceased in various activity trends Rhetorical, literary and monetary and linguistic, and despite the excellence lesson terminological has a diversity and abundance, did not find the summarized research in absorbs the ions Tnzirath him and its applications in various branches of science or Oferdh a comprehensive study explores Fraidha. I resolved to undertake this task; In the service of knowledge first, and the elimination of a debt owed to the deceased in our necks, we must broadcast his knowledge and show hi

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
synthesis morpholine diamide by curing some aromatic
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in this work many amide polymers were prepared according to the modification reaction of polyacryloyl chloride or poluacrulic acid with different primary amines to mesuringninizing hormone were investgaited prior tq surgery in 10 postmenopaisal women with benign and 10 postmenopausal women with maliganant healthy

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer And Communication Engineering
Information hiding by using Developed M8PAM Technique
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Publication Date
Tue Oct 08 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Visible Enhanced Photodetector Made by Spray Pyrolysis
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Barium–doped TiO2 / n-Si photodetector was fabricated by spray pyrolysis exhibited visible enhancement responsivity profile with peak response at 600 nm flat response between 650 and 900 nm. The quantum efficiency was 30% and specific detectivity was 5x1012 W-1Hz1/2cm at peak response. The GaAlAs laser diode was used to estimate the rise time of the detector.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 12 2019
Journal Name
Dirasat: Human And Social Sciences
Teaching by pause technique in the classroom
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Communication represents the essence of language learning. Since the unspecified evolution of conveying information, human beings have been employing the main constituents of language with short pauses. Although the punctuation marks necessitate short expressions among thought group of words in writing, human language demand for understanding how and when to pause orally. This paper presents the pause technique in the classroom. It signifies the relation between pausing and lecturing in the class and determines its sufficient time-management to interact with college learners of different specializations. The conduct study reviewed teaching pause technique in the empirical studies at Special Education and Communication Disorders of Pennsylva

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