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Protective effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol against enterotoxin‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome are mediated by modulation of microbiota
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Background and Purpose

Staphylococcal enterotoxin‐B (SEB) is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens that exerts profound toxic effects by inducing a cytokine storm. Inhaled SEB can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is often fatal and with no effective treatments.

Experimental Approach

Efficacy of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was tested in a mouse model of SEB‐mediated ARDS, in which lung inflammation, alterations in gut/lung microbiota and production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was measured. Gene dysregulation of lung epithelial cells was studied by transcriptome arrays. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to confirm the role of microbiota in suppressing ARDS.

Key Results

While SEB triggered ARDS and 100% mortality in mice, THC protected the mice from fatality. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that THC caused significant and similar alterations in microbiota in the lungs and gut of mice exposed to SEB. THC significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial species, Ruminococcus gnavus, but decreased pathogenic microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila. FMT confirmed that THC‐mediated reversal of microbial dysbiosis played crucial role in attenuation of SEB‐mediated ARDS. THC treatment caused an increase in SCFA, of which propionic acid was found to inhibit the inflammatory response. Transcriptome array showed that THC up‐regulated several genes like lysozyme1 and lysozyme2, β‐defensin‐2, claudin, zonula‐1, occludin‐1, Mucin2 and Muc5b while down‐regulating β‐defensin‐1.

Conclusion and Implications

The study demonstrates for the first time that THC attenuates SEB‐mediated ARDS and toxicity by altering the microbiota in the lungs and the gut as well as promoting antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory pathways.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 10 2017
Journal Name
مجلة كلية التربية الاساسية/الجامعة المستنصرية
Detection of some major elements and protein in Fusarium wilt disease infected tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) treated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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Abstract The present study was Conducted to evaluate the effect of amixture of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Glomus etunicatum , G. leptotichum and Rhizophagus intraradices ) in Influence on the percentage of the components of NPK and protein of tomato leaves and roots infected with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici wich cause Fusarial wilt disease , planted for 8 weeks in the presence of the organic matter ( peatmose) , using pot cultures in aplastic green house , Results indicated significant increase in the percentage of the elements of NK and protein of tomato leaves and roots In the control treatment (C), While the percentage of the element P was after infection with the pathogen 4 weaks after mycorrhiza

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Role of using the Relative Strength Index in Making Speculation Decision in Stock: Applied Research in the Iraq Stock Exchange
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 The relative strength index (RSI) is one of the best known technical analysis indicators; it provides the speculators by prior signals about the future stock’s prices, and because the speculations in shares of companies which listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange have a high degree of risk, like risk of shares prices felling, so the speculators became committed to use some methods to reduce these risks, and one of these methods is the technical analysis by using the relative strength index (RSI) which enable the speculators of choosing the right time for buy and sell the stocks and the right time to enter or leave the market by using the historical rice data. And from here the problem of the research formulated as “Is the using of

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of Black Cardamom Extracts on Mutans Streptococci in Comparison to Chlorhexidine Gluconate and De-ionized Water (In Vitro Study)
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Background: Spices and herbs have been used by many cultures to enhance the flavor and aroma of food and for their medicinal value. Black cardamom is one of these spices widely used in cooking because of its unique taste and powerful flavor. The aim of study was to test the effect of black cardamom on Mutans Streptococci in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) and de-ionized water. Materials and methods: Dried fruits of black cardamom were extracted by using alcohol (70% ethanol). Saliva was collected from seven volunteers. Agar well technique with different concentrations of black cardamom extracts was used to test the sensitivities of Mutans Streptococci, as well black cardamom extracts effect on viable counts of Mutans Streptococ

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 10 2015
Journal Name
Al-qadisiyah Journal For Science
*Synthesis, spectral studies and antimicrobial evaluation of 6,6--(1,2-benzenediazo) bis (3-amino benzoic acid) complexes with some metal ions
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The Ligand 6,6--(1,2-benzenediazo) bis (3-aminobenzoicacid) derived from o-phenylenediamine and 3-aminobenzoicacid was synthesized. The prepared ligand was identified by Microelemental Analysis, 1HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. Treatment of the ligand with the following metal ions (CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII ) in aqueous ethanol with a 1:1 M:L ratio and at optimum pH. Characterization of these compounds has been done on the basis of elemental analysis, electronic data, FT-IR and UV-Vis, as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The nature of the complexes formed were studied following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law obeyed over a concentration range (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M). H

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2022
Journal Name
Voprosy Istorii
Changing the agricultural map of Diyala Governorate for the years (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020) using GIS and remote sensing
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Abstract. Geographical and remote sensing, which gave a picture of the change in the area of agricultural land in the study area for selected years (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020). In particular and Iraq in general, as this led to a reduction in the areas of agricultural lands and in return an increase in arid lands and their desertifica- tion and the loss of their productive value, which as a result leads to the migration of the population, the change of land sex, the failure to achieve food security and dependence on the import of the food basket.

Publication Date
Thu Jan 22 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 and NF-KB p65 in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma (Comparative study)
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Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease, presenting in various clinical forms WHO had regarded OLP as a precancerous conditions in 1978 because of its potential with cancer. Both antigen-specific and nonspecific mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity representing more than 94% of oral cancer. It occurs in different sites and has many etiological factors. Cyclin Dl is a proto-oncogene which consider as the key protein in the regulation of cell proliferation and its overexpression led to the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors.NF-KB p65 is a member ofNF-kB family of transcription factors that

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 11 2021
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Measuring the Pollution Level with Uranium and Radon in the Soil of Some Areas Inside Baghdad University Campus-AL-Jadiriyah
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In present study, the technique was used, including nuclear track detector type (CR-39), for appreciative concentrations uranium and radon in soil samples from Baghdad University Campus-AL-Jadiriyah utilizing a prolonged -term with a solid-state nuclear path sensor, a technique for charged particles has been developed., the radon concentrations, effective dose rate and uranium concentrations have measured in soil samples. Eight various venues from soil Baghdad University Campus have appointed. The results indicated variant values about uranium and radon concentrations, the average value for radon gas, effective dose rate and uranium concentrations was found to be 281.59 Bq/cm3, 7.09 mSv/y and 0.01 Bq/mm-2 respectively. All results a

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Ijddt
Synthesis, antioxidant activity and molecular docking study of 1, 2, 4-Triazole and their corresponding fused rings containing 2-Methylphenol
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Newly 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione ring 2 was formed at position six of 2-methylphenol from the reaction of 6-(5-thio1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methylphenol 1 with hydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of anhydrase sodium acetate. Seven newly fused heterocyclic compounds were synthesized from compound 2. First fused heterocyclic was 6-(6-(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-methylphenol 3 synthesized from reaction compound 2 with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid in POCl3. Reaction compound 2 with bromophencylbromide afford 6-(6-(4-bromophenyl)-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazin-3-yl)-2-methylphenol 4. 6-(6-thio-1,7a-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 11 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Association of Age, Parity and Body mass Index with Hemoglobin and Serum Ferritin Levels in Pregnant Women in Baghdad City
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Hemogloin (Hb) and serum ferritin levels are used to assess anemia in pregnancy. Some studies referred to the influence of maternal age, body mass index (BMI) and parity on Hb and serum ferritin levels. The study aimed to examine the possible association of maternal Hb and serum ferritin with maternal age, parity, and BMI in a sample of pregnant women in Baghdad.

 Ninety healthy pregnant women, grouped in three equal groups according to the pregnancy trimester, and thirty apparently healthy non-pregnant women from Baghdad were enrolled in this observational study.  Blood and serum samples were obtained for the estimation of Hb and serum ferritin levels.

The pooled data of participants showed a n

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Female Characters In The Pre-Raphaelite Novel: M.E. Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (An Extracted Research of Master Degree Letter)
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Victorian age is known as a time of perpetual change. It is a time of new industrialization, increased urbanization and new technology. Therefore, one of the strongest undercurrents of this is the position of women. Woman at that time was viewed as “an angel in the house” especially this who belongs to the upper-middle class. She is described in such term because she spends much time in her domestic domain. Therefore, she should be passive, obedient and dependent. Despite the Victorian society contains several classes; women are defined under two labels: the angel and the demon or the whore. The angel woman can be any woman from the lower middle class to the aristocracy, while the whore refers to any working class woman. The differen

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