Among the undesirable effects of soil compaction is a measurable reduction in plant growth and crop yield. The prevailing belief is that compacted tillage pans are caused by repetitive farming practices, heavy tractors, tillage tools, and field traffic. This experiment was conducted to determine and map the hardpan layers across an agricultural field through advanced technologies of precision agriculture. These valuable techniques such as data logger, yield map, and data analysis of performance indicators were linked with accurate global positioning systems (GPS) datasets. These important technologies provided the farmers and helped them to identify and manage areas of the fields with higher compacted layers. Three ground speeds 4.3, 5.2, and 6.4 km h-1 were performed with two tillage depths 25 and 40 cm of a chisel plow. The effects of these two factors were studied to determine slippage percentage, field productivity, traction power, and fuel consumption. For the first shallow 25 cm depth, the results showed that increasing the speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 7.22 to 10.35 and then to 12.63%, respectively. Increasing the speed increases field productivity from 0.547 to 0.663 then to 0. 749 ha hour-1, and tractive power increases from 9.44 to 11.74, then to 13.24 hp. As a result, there was a significant increase in the fuel consumption rate from 18.44 to 20.15, then to 22.27 L hour-1, respectively. Changing the depth from 25 to 40 cm and increasing the practical speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 10.14 to 12.77 and then to 15.27%, and a significant increase in field productivity from 0.446 to 0.568 and then to 0.640 ha hour-1, respectively. This led to a significant increase in traction power from 12.72 to 13.36, then to 15.87 hp. Increasing the speed also brought a significant increase in fuel rate from 22.14 to 23.54 and then to 26.14 L ha-1, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that the use of this powerful approach was a useful methodology to reflect, determine, specify, and manage the regions of induced and hardpan zones by means of dataset analyses provided by the GPS for the desired field.
Abstract
The research has discussed the public relations as dependent variable of its branch dimensions( confidence , commitment, control and satisfaction ) and the governmental service quality as independent variable of its branch dimensions (response, dependency, emphasis, tangibility and sympathy), and the research problem has represented by weakness of service quality presented to the customers dealing with company, which is observed via field co-existence of the researcher, where he observe that the quality presented in the company services, are inappropriate with the customers expectations level, also there is weakness of attention and recognition by the
Azo dyes like methyl orange (MO) are very toxic components due to their recalcitrant properties which makes their removal from wastewater of textile industries a significant issue. The present study aimed to study their removal by utilizing aluminum and Ni foam (NiF) as anodes besides Fe foam electrodes as cathodes in an electrocoagulation (EC) system. Primary experiments were conducted using two Al anodes, two NiF anodes, or Al-NiF anodes to predict their advantages and drawbacks. It was concluded that the Al-NiF anodes were very effective in removing MO dye without long time of treatment or Ni leaching at in the case of adopting the Al-Al or NiF-NiF anodes, respectively. The structure and surface morphology of the NiF electrode were inves
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify: 1-Designing a test to measure the movement compatibility of the eye and the leg for the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Samarra University. 2-Codification (setting scores and standard levels) for the results of the motor compatibility test for the eye and the leg for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Samarra University. The researchers reached the some following conclusions: 1-A test to measure the movement compatibility of the eye and the leg for the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. 2-There is a discrepancy in the standard levels of the research sample.
The research involved a rapid, automated and highly accurate developed CFIA/MZ technique for estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) in pure, dosage forms and biological sample. This method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with PHE in existence of sodium periodate as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a red colored product at ʎmax )520 nm (. A flow rate of 4.3 mL.min-1 using distilled water as a carrier, the method of FIA proved to be as a sensitive and economic analytical tool for estimation of PHE.
Within the concentration range of 5-300 μg.mL-1, a calibration curve was rectilinear, where the detection limit was 3.252 μg.mL
The aim of the present work, was measuring of uranium concentrations in 25 soil samples from five locations of Al-Kut city. The samples taken from different depths ranged from soil surface to 60cm step 15 cm, for this measurement of uranium concentrations .The most widely used technique SSNTDs was chosen to be the measurement technique. Results showed that the higher concentrations were in Hai Al- Kafaat which recorded 1.49 ± 0.054 ppm . The uranium content in soil samples were less than permissible limit of UNSCEAR(11.7ppm).
Soil invertebrates community an important role as part of essential food chain and responsible for the decomposition in the soil, helps soil aeration , nutrients recycling and increase agricultural production by providing the essential elements necessary for photosynthesis and energy flow in ecosystems.The aim of the present study was to investigate the soil invertebrates community in one of the date palms plantation in Aljaderia district South of Baghdad, , and their relationships with some physical and chemical properties of the soil , as Five randomly distributed replicates of soil samples were collected monthly. Invertebrates samples were sorted from the soil with two methods, direct method to isolate large invertebrates and indirec
... Show MoreBuilding natural period, T, is a key character in building response for wind and seismic induced forces. In design practice, the period, T, is either estimated from empirical relations proposed by the design codes or determined from analytical or numerical models. The effect of the soil-structure interaction is usually neglected in the design practice and analysis models. This paper uses a sophisticated finite element simulation to investigate the effect of soil-structure modeling on the fundamental period of RC buildings subjected to wind and seismic induced forces. A typical interior building frame has been imitated using the frame element for beams and columns with constrains to mo
In this work, seven soil samples were brought brought to study and analyses the element concentrations from different southern regions of Iraq using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. It has been documented as an atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) technique. Laser-induced plasma utilized to analyze elements in materials (gases, liquids, and solids). In order to analyze elements in materials (gases, liquids, and solid). The Nd: YAG laser excitation source at 1064 nm with pulse width 9 ns is used to generate power density of 5.5 x 1012 MW/mm2, with optical spectrum in the range 320-740 nm. From this investigation, the soil sample analysis of the southern cities of Iraqi, it is concluded that the rich soil element of P, Si,
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