المستخلص [English] Peace-building is a science that has its foundations and needs mechanisms, components, studies and plans based on the needs of the parties responsible for achieving peace and meeting the necessary needs of conflict societies, as it has become a goal sought by many local and regional actors and parties. The State of South Africa has realized this fact and has devoted space in its conception and planning to addressing the issues of conflict and war within the framework of its unitary work.Since security and stability in general seek to create peaceful and legal means through which existing problems can be expressed and addressed. The differences have varied to build peace and create cooperation between groups and then cooperation between peoples in order to control the process of rapprochement at the grass-roots level, reduce the clash and achieve peace. If there is a multiplicity of peace-building in South Africa, it will be important for societal, political, economic and cultural stability. During the democratic transition, we can prepare the political system as one of the most important factors in peace-building processes that have played an influential role in peace-building processes at that stage through the mechanisms it has followed to get society out of internal conflicts and move towards a lasting peace.
Loud noise can be extremely harmful to the auditory system as well as to human health. Noise pollution is primarily caused by traffic noise. The study's goal was to determine how various vehicle types and speeds affected the amount of noise generated by traffic. The two factors were investigated at seven different arterial streets throughout Kirkuk city to measure the noise levels. The measurements were performed during peak hours to compare the result with WHO standards for noise specification. Traffic volume and vehicle speed are shown to be the key elements that determine an increase in noise level.
In this research, a numerical simulation was conducted to study the behavior of the scouring pattern and the effect of spacing between bridge piers at specified hydraulic conditions such as velocity, depth of flow, and the sediment effective diameter. Moreover, the cross-section shape of piers and their effect on the scouring depth around bridge piers was studied, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), ANSYS (Fluent) software. A comparison of the simulation results obtained with previous laboratory investigations was done to verify the validity of the numerical model. Generally, the scour pattern using the CFD software gave good agreement with the experimental study. A reversed pro
This experimental study demonstrates the gable-reinforced concrete beams’ behavior with several number of openings (six and eight) and posts’ inclination, aimed to find the strength reduction in this type of beam. The major results found are: for the openings extending over similar beam length it is better to increase the number of posts (openings),
Aims to find out the (Extent of mathematics teachers' appreciation of the mathematical problem `multiple solutions) Research sample consisted of (100) mathematics teachers distributed on the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad (Rusafa 1/2/3) and (Karkh 1/2/ 3) There was two research approach which are: The first - two different answers of students to the same issue where teachers must assess each answer and explain which one the teacher will accept and why? The second - Different solutions of students' to the same issue, including wrong answers , Teachers should correct the answers and give them final grades (0-10). Descriptive and analytical Approch was used in this research methodology And zero hypotheses, which are as f
... Show MoreWhat is the contract of cultivating the land of the waqf in Islamic jurisprudence and the Algerian Awqaf law
Is no longer a football player looks to sport as a means of entertainment and physical development. But become see as part of The economic and is getting in return for the effort of، Through a contract with a club to organize the activity which is called a contract of professional, This contract is similar to the rest of the contracts in terms of problems and dispute that arise during the implementation or after it ends because of the nature of sports to such disputes and privacy being subject to special rules (regulations, national and international professional) required that subject to judicial bodies private mission confined settle sports disputes these entities and is affiliated unions legal committees and the court of arbitration for
... Show Moreاشكالية بناء ثقافة مشاركة في الوطن العربي