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Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter region gene polymorphism at positions -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with etanercept response in Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at locations -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with the tendency of being non-responder to etanercept.

Patients and methods: Between October 2020 and August 2021, a total of 80 patients (10 males, 70 females; mean age: 50 years; range, 30 to 72 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept for at least six months were included. The patients were divided into two groups responders and non-responders, based on their response after six months of continuous treatment. Following polymerase chain reaction amplification of the extracted deoxyribonucleic acid, sequencing by Sanger method was performed to identify the polymorphism at the TNF-α promoter region.

Results: In the responder group, the GG genotype of (-308G/A) and the AA genotype of (-863C/A) were both significantly present. The CC genotype of (-863C/A) was significantly present in the non-responders group. The CC of (-863C/A) SNP was the only genotype that appeared to increase the likelihood of being resistant to etanercept. The GG genotype of (-308G/A) was negatively correlated with the likelihood of being a non-responder. The (-857CC) and (-863CC) genotypes were significantly more prevalent in the non-responders group.

Conclusion: The presence of the (-863CC) genotype, alone or in combination with (-857CC), is linked to an increased likelihood of becoming a non-responder to etanercept. The GG genotype of -308G/A and the AA genotype of -863C/A significantly increase the likelihood of becoming responder to etanercept.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Sciences
Histological and histochemical observations of the prostate gland at resting and stimulating status in adult local Dog (Canis familiaris)
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 13 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effects of Organic Pollution on some Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Groups in Rivers Tigris and Diyala at Baghdad Area.
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Various activities taking place within the city of Baghdad have significantly contributed to organic pollution in Rivers Tigris and Diyala. The present study aimed to assess some physical, chemical and biological aspects of six sites on Rivers Tigris and Diyala as they flow through the city of Baghdad. Monthly samples were collected for the period January to December, 2005. Marked differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of water were noted between the two rivers’ sites. Average values during the study period of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, particulate organic matter, nitrate, phosphate and total dissolved solids for Tigris and Diyala were 7.8,4.7; 2.4,10.4; 350.1,921.4;7.8,13.9;1.2,4.8;814,2176 mg / l re

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of an Educational Program in Light Of Behavioral Cognitive Theory to Develop Efficient Response to Students Affected by Crises
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The aim of this research is to construct an educational program in light of the theory of behavioral cognitive and its impact on the development of the efficient response to students affected by crises (centers of your right to education). To achieve the objectives of the research, two scales were developed by the researcher in addition to two equivalent hypotheses were formulated. The scale contains (26) items divided into five fields; for its validity and reliability were derived based on the measure of efficient response, an educational program based on the theory of behavioral cognition. The test and the educational program were applied to a sample of (60) students from the centers of your right to education, divided into experimenta

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol level In Male Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
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Elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level in serum is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ,this relationship is likely to be the cause it means elevated CRP leads to T2D in future . Our objective was to examine CRP in male Type 2 Diabetes(T2D) patients in different age ,we studied 120 male subjects divided to two groups according to their age. First group A age (31 - 40) year old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age: second group B age (41 – 50) years old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age. We examined blood sugar ,cholesterol and CRP in each group. and we toke the mean of samples in the same age in each data in all the 4 groups. Our data shows that CRP

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Awareness Regarding Diabetes Mellitus and Its' Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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Background: Various studies conducted in many parts of the world suggest that there is lack of public awareness and knowledge of various aspects related to diabetes. With proper education, awareness, earlier detection and better care, many complications and co-morbidities can be reduced in diabetic population.Objectives: to evaluate the level of awareness of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients regarding their disease and its' complications.Methods: Cross – sectional survey was conducted during November and December 2011, in the Medical centers of Al Baladiat, Mustansyria and Zuafranya, including 145 type 2 diabetic patients (58.6 % males, 41.4% females) who were subjected to self–structured questionnaires regarding different aspects of

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Tagmemic Analysis of English and Arabic Praise Poetry: A Contrastive Study
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 This research provides a new method to study praise poetry that can be used as a course to teach English and Arabic to students in the College of Education. This research answers two questions:

  1. Is it possible to examine praise poetry as a tagmeme?
  2. Is this analysis of great help in teaching English and Arabic to students in the College of Education?

           The data that will be chosen for the purpose of analysis are two of Shakespeare's sonnets and two of AL Mulik's poems. The sonnets selected for this purpose are 17 and 18. AL Mulik's poems selected for the same purpose are 8 and 9.

   &nbs

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Publication Date
Thu May 01 2003
Journal Name
Renewable Energy
FT-IR and XPS analysis of a-Si1-xGex:H thin films
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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Bionatura
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A retrospective study of clinical and pathological features
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is one of the myeloproliferative disorders with a characteristic cytogenetic abnormality resulting in the BCR-ABL fusion gene. Imatinib Mesylate is an effective agent for treating patients in all stages of CML. According to the annual Iraqi cancer registry 2019, the total number of chronic myeloproliferative disorders was 338. The percentage and incidence rates were 0.94% and 0.86%, respectively, with a higher incidence rate in males than females (1.12 in males and 0.60 in females). In this registry, no details about CML, so this study aimed to estimate the number of CML patients who attended the national center of hematology from 2005 until 2020 and investigate their epidemiological and clinic-pathol

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
Tikrit Journal For Dental Sciences
Enamel White Spot Lesions: A Review of Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment
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Enamel White Spot Lesions (EWSLs) are a common dental condition characterized by being opaque or chalky white in appearance. In this review, an overview of the etiology, prevention, and treatment techniques for EWSLs is presented. Enamel demineralization caused by bacteria in dental plaque which releases acids upon the consumption of fermentable carbohydrates causing mineral loss is thought to be the main cause of those lesions, which could be predisposed through orthodontic treatment, poor diet, inadequate oral hygiene and certain medical conditions. So, sustaining an adequate carbohydrate consumption, proper fluoride exposure and good oral hygiene are some of the practices which aid in these lesions’ prevention. Although the suc

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 04 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of College Of Education For Women
Tagmemic Analysis of English and Arabic Praise Poetry: A Contrastive Study
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This research provides a new method to study praise poetry that can be used as a course to teach English and Arabic to students in the College of Education. This research answers two questions: Is it possible to examine praise poetry as a tagmeme? Is this analysis of great help in teaching English and Arabic to students in the College of Education? The data that will be chosen for the purpose of analysis are two of Shakespeare's sonnets and two of AL Mulik's poems. The sonnets selected for this purpose are 17 and 18. AL Mulik's poems selected for the same purpose are 8 and 9. Each line in both English and Arabic data is numbered by the researcher herself. Then, those lines are grouped into sentences to facilitat

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