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Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter region gene polymorphism at positions -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with etanercept response in Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at locations -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with the tendency of being non-responder to etanercept.

Patients and methods: Between October 2020 and August 2021, a total of 80 patients (10 males, 70 females; mean age: 50 years; range, 30 to 72 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept for at least six months were included. The patients were divided into two groups responders and non-responders, based on their response after six months of continuous treatment. Following polymerase chain reaction amplification of the extracted deoxyribonucleic acid, sequencing by Sanger method was performed to identify the polymorphism at the TNF-α promoter region.

Results: In the responder group, the GG genotype of (-308G/A) and the AA genotype of (-863C/A) were both significantly present. The CC genotype of (-863C/A) was significantly present in the non-responders group. The CC of (-863C/A) SNP was the only genotype that appeared to increase the likelihood of being resistant to etanercept. The GG genotype of (-308G/A) was negatively correlated with the likelihood of being a non-responder. The (-857CC) and (-863CC) genotypes were significantly more prevalent in the non-responders group.

Conclusion: The presence of the (-863CC) genotype, alone or in combination with (-857CC), is linked to an increased likelihood of becoming a non-responder to etanercept. The GG genotype of -308G/A and the AA genotype of -863C/A significantly increase the likelihood of becoming responder to etanercept.

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 14 2017
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Clinical Biochemistry
Visfatin, PON-1 Levels in Iraqi Hyperthyroidism Patient’s with Dyslipidemia
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 27 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Analysis of Docetaxel Adverse Drug Reactions: A Retrospective Study Based on Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center Database
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Docetaxel is an effective treatment approved for many types of cancers, but its effectiveness in clinical practice can be compromised by significant occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The aim of the current study was to measure the distribution of adverse drug reactions of docetaxel reported in Iraq and to assess the causality, severity, seriousness, preventability, expectedness and outcome of these adverse reactions. A retrospective study conducted on individual case safety reports from the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center / Ministry of Health. The study included 118 individual case safety report containing 236 adverse drug reactions.
Most of the adverse drug reactions were related to skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders(26.7%), f

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
A Comparative Study of the Influence of Different Types of Polymers on Viscosity Index and Pour Point of Iraqi Base Oils
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In this study, the effects of blending the un-branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (n-decyl acrylate), and the branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (iso-octyl acrylate), on the viscosity index (VI), and the pour point of the Iraqi base stocks 40, and 60 respectively, were investigated. Toluene was used as a carrier solvent for both polymer types. The improvement level of oils (VI, & pour point) gained by blending the oil with the acrylate derived polymers was compared with the values of (VI, and pour point) gained by blending the oil with a commercial viscosity index, and pour point improver. The commercial lubricant additive was purchased and used by Al-Daura Refineries. It consisted of an un-known olefin copolymer dissolved i

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 29 2025
Journal Name
Nursing Science Quarterly
Effectiveness of an Educational Program in Reducing Pressure Injuries in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury in Iraq
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Persons with spinal cord injury are at high risk of developing pressure injuries, and their caregivers are in a critical position to help prevent them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program for caregivers of persons with spinal cord injuries to prevent pressure injuries in Iraq. A pre- and post-test design was used and involved 25 caregivers of persons with spinal cord injury during the acute care phase in an SCI-specific unit of a hospital. A scale and questionnaire were used to gather the participants’ demographic information, pre- and post-educational program knowledge, and observations of their pre- and post-program performance of pressure injury preventive tasks. Descriptive s

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detection of RAF fusion transcripts in FFPE samples of Medullablastoma and Ependymom in Iraqi children with RT-RQPCR assays
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Medulloblastomas and ependymomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in children. However genetic abnormalities associated with their development and prognosis remain unclear. Recently two gene fusions, KIAA1549–BRAF and SRGAP3–RAF1 have been detected in a number of brain tumours. We report here our development and validation of RT-RQPCR assays to detect various isoforms of these two fusion genes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of medulloblastoma and ependymoma. We examined these fusion genes in 44 paediatric brain tumours, 33 medulloblastomas and 11 ependymomas. We detected both fusion transcripts in 8/33, 5/33 SRGAP3 ex10/RAF1 ex10, and 3/33 KIAA1549 ex16/BRAF ex9, meduloblastomas but none in the 11 ep

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effectiveness of Management Information Systems (MIS) and its impact on Governmental Organization Performance in Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia
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The aim of this research is to find the impact of the efficiency of Management information systems (MIS) on the effectiveness of governmental organizations performance.

To achieve the objective of the research, the analytical descriptive method was adopted. A questionnaire was designed consisting of (35) paragraphs, and the sample consisted of (200) individual. The research attemped to answer the following question: To achieve the objective of the research, the analytical descriptive method was adopted. A questionnaire was designed consisting of (35) paragraphs, and the sample consisted of (200) individual. The research tried to answer the following question: What is the actual utilization of modern admi

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The martial rights and duties (Rights and duties of a woman and a man)
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This research addresses the relevance of men and women and the consequent provisions
such as dowry and alimony ... Of the like, marriage is to organize links masculinity and
femininity any sexual meeting between men and women a special system that must be
produces reproduction him and alone, which gets its reproduction in human kind, and has no
family and on the basis of private life is being organized.
The importance of the topic see Islam has urged marriage and forbade celibacy, and ensure
that the Lord of Glory Almighty married subsidy nor the origin of the differences between
men and women in money or workmanship or blue-chip Every Muslim inept any Muslim and
every Muslim efficient for any Muslim.
The impor

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Association Between Carbamazepine Toxicity, Liver Bile Duct Injury, Granuloma and Inflammatory Cells Infiltration in Female Mice
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The liver is an important organ in the body that can be affected by many drugs and toxins. The hepatotoxins can cause oxidant stress that lead to activation of inflammatory cells and cause liver damage. Drug induced bile duct injuries are related to drug toxicity, multiple drugs have been known to cause the development of liver granulomas. Carbamazepine (CBZ) among other antiepileptic drugs is believed to cause hepatic injury. In this study we investigated the effect of (CBZ) 20mg/kg/day on female mice liver after 14 and 30 days of treatment. The histological findings showed that (CBZ) can cause histological alterations in the liver components such as bile duct proliferation, biliary hypertrophy, ductopenia, inflammatory cells infiltration

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the green human resources management practices in a achieving requirements of environmental citizenship- Field research at the General Company for Vegetable Oils.
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The research aims to determine the role of the practices of green human resources management in achieving requirements of environmental citizenship in the workplace, the General Company for Vegetable Oils was chosen for the application of field-side of research which represent one of the important industrial companies in Iraq, which suffers from poor Green human resources management applications, which reflected negatively on the development Environmental citizenship among Employees. The questionnaire use as a tool to collect data and information as well as field presence of the researcher, The research sample included (30) managers of departments and Division ,and through using statistical program (SPSS) the data has been analys

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2017
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences (iosr-jdms)
Is deferasirox As Effective As Desferrioxamine in Treatment of Iron Overload In Patients With Thalassemia Major?
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