Background: Levetiracetam is a member of the new antiepileptic drugs and has a broad spectrum effect, used as an adjunctive therapy in addition to monotherapy in the treatment of partial onset-seizures. The effect of levetiracetam on the development of embryo nervous system after maternal exposure during pregnancy has not been identified. Objective: to evaluate the effect of antiepileptic drug, levetiracetam (LEV) within its therapeutic dose 350mg/Kg body weight on albino female rat to clarify its effect on the developing cerebral cortex histologically. Material And Methods: Ten pregnant female rats were separated into two groups, control group and experimental group. They were obtained from the animal house of the high institute of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technologies/Al-Nahrain university. They were maintained in environmentally controlled room at a temperature of 21–28±4Cº, 40–60% humidity, 12 hours light-dark cycle, in a noise free environment. Oral administration of 350mg/Kg of LEV to the experiment group while physiologic saline was given to control group. Results: microscopic assessment of the cerebral cortex defects in the cerebrum of the treated group when compared with the control group. There was disorganization of the cortical layers where boundaries were dimmed, the depth of the six layers were overlapping, decreased proportion of the stellate cells in the external granular layer therefore, reducing layer outline, vascular congestion and hemorrhage. Furthermore, observation shows cellular degeneration, necrosis, and nucleus karyorrhexis. Conclusion: this study demonstrate that they must take care from giving Levetiracetam to pregnant female because it induces histological changes in the brain of the newborn rat.
Premature failure in asphalt concrete pavement has been the main concern for pavement construction companies and engineers in recent years because of the large rise in traffic volume and loads and the temperature extremes in the summer and winter. The use of modifiers in asphalt concrete mixtures has attracted much attention to increase the performance and lifespan of pavements. As nanotechnology developed, several researchers concentrated on how these materials can help increase pavement serviceability by minimizing rutting and moisture damage. This study evaluates the Hydrated Lime (HL) effect by two methods (wet and dry hydrated lime) on the durability of the warm mix asphalt. The first method, HL, has been supplemented to the as
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The main objective of the present research is to conduct a thorough investigation into the impact of construction joints on the structural performance of reinforced concrete deep beams. This study involves a series of experimental tests and the use of advanced numerical analysis techniques to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior of these beams in the presence of construction joints. The experimental component incorporates analysis findings from both previous and current research. Specifically, six reinforced concrete deep beam specimens featuring horizontal and inclined construction joints were utilized as simply being supported with two-point loading. The test findings indicate that the presence of a horizontal construction
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The research include a pulsed Nd: YAG Laser with (300µs) pulse duration in the TEM00 mode at (1.06µm) wavelength for energies between (0.5-3) J was employed to drill Brass material which is use in industrial applications. The process of drill was assisted by an electric field. This resulted in an increase in the hole aspect ratio by the value (45%) and decrease in the hole taper by the value (25%) of its value under ordinary drilling conditions using the same input energy.
The present study deals with the effect of teaching speaking Strategies (SS) on
EFL Iraqi College students. The use of speaking strategies not only solves learners’
communication problems, but also enhances the learner’s interaction in target language,
and improves their oral proficiency .The aim of the study is to find out the effect of
teaching SS used by EFL College students .The learner of the first stage is population of
the study at the Department of English, College of Education /Ibn-Rushd .The sample
consists of (60) students distributed on experimental group(A) as well as control
group(B) each group contains (30) students . In order to achieve the aim of the study,
questionnaire has been constructed t
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; it spreads via the circulatory system during infection and causes chronic infection in various organs. Toxoplasmosis affects nearly one third of people worldwide, especially immunocompromised people. This study aimed to determine the effect of toxoplasmosis on renal function in hemodialysis patients. Overall 300 patients referred to the Medical City, Al-Karama General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq were enrolled from 2021 to 2022. All serum samples were tested for T. gondii immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) antibodies, urea and creatinine levels. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, the results revealed a high positivity percentage for anti-Toxoplasma IgG. In hemodialysis patients infe
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Cadmium sulfide photodetector was fabricated. The CdS nano
powder has been prepared by a chemical method and deposited as a
thin film on both silicon and porous p- type silicon substrates by spin
coating technique. Structural, morphological, optical and electrical
properties of the prepared CdS nano powder are studied. The X-ray
analysis shows that the obtained powder is CdS with predominantly
hexagonal phase. The Hall measurements show that the nano powder
is n-type with carrier concentration of about (-5.4×1010) cm-3. The
response time of fabricated detector was measured by illuminating
the sample with visible radiation and its value was 5.25 msec. The
specific detectivity of the fabricated det
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This book presents the problem of tooth decay due to bacteria Streptococcus mutans one of methods of treatment using 3 extracts of S. persica (miswak) (aqueous, acetone and methanol) and prove its effectiveness and its impact on the gtf (B, C, and D) genes that code the glucosyltransferase (Gtf) enzymes that cause decay membrane compared to the usual means used for the prevention of tooth decay
the behavior of the first-order black and gray solitons propagtedin optical fiber in the presence of frequency chirp is studied analytically and numerically results show that phase profile of black solitons changes abruptly
Bentonite is widely used in industrial applications. The present study reports the effect of adding different weights of ZnO to the Iraqi bentonite, on surface area, pore volume and real density. These surface properties were evaluated for pure and modified bentonite. The modification was made by adding different ZnO weights such as; ( 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10% ). The effect of heat exposing for all modified clay samples at 500 ?C have been also evaluated. The results show that the addition of 0.5% ZnO leads to increase the surface area percentage about 36%, increase pore volume percentage about 5.48% and increase the real density percentage about 27.116%. When the samples exposed to 500 ?C, their surface area and pore volumes have been decreased a
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