Background: Levetiracetam is a member of the new antiepileptic drugs and has a broad spectrum effect, used as an adjunctive therapy in addition to monotherapy in the treatment of partial onset-seizures. The effect of levetiracetam on the development of embryo nervous system after maternal exposure during pregnancy has not been identified. Objective: to evaluate the effect of antiepileptic drug, levetiracetam (LEV) within its therapeutic dose 350mg/Kg body weight on albino female rat to clarify its effect on the developing cerebral cortex histologically. Material And Methods: Ten pregnant female rats were separated into two groups, control group and experimental group. They were obtained from the animal house of the high institute of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technologies/Al-Nahrain university. They were maintained in environmentally controlled room at a temperature of 21–28±4Cº, 40–60% humidity, 12 hours light-dark cycle, in a noise free environment. Oral administration of 350mg/Kg of LEV to the experiment group while physiologic saline was given to control group. Results: microscopic assessment of the cerebral cortex defects in the cerebrum of the treated group when compared with the control group. There was disorganization of the cortical layers where boundaries were dimmed, the depth of the six layers were overlapping, decreased proportion of the stellate cells in the external granular layer therefore, reducing layer outline, vascular congestion and hemorrhage. Furthermore, observation shows cellular degeneration, necrosis, and nucleus karyorrhexis. Conclusion: this study demonstrate that they must take care from giving Levetiracetam to pregnant female because it induces histological changes in the brain of the newborn rat.
That the possibility of imposing a tax on electronic commerce is increasing interest in it by governments in developed and developing countries alike, and there is interest in a logical by governments and bodies of taxation, in particular in developing countries erosion potential tax in the tax base resulting from the adoption of e-commerce if not mutation rules and tax legislation, local and international to take into account this important economic developments and how to keep up, said the combination of the taxation system is the only way to increase revenue needed to finance government spending on goods and services needed by society.
The most important conclusions reached by the rese
... Show MoreGypseous soil is a collapsible soil, which causes large deformations in buildings that are constructed on it. Various methods have been used to minimise this effect, such as replacing the gypseous soil or using soil stabilisation (grouting or soil improvement). This study was carried out on four types of gypseous soils that have different properties and various gypsum contents. The testing was carried out on remoulded samples to evaluate the compressibility of gypseous soil under different conditions. The samples were grouted with acrylate liquid. The relationships between the injection pressure and the radius of flow, between time of injection and radius of flow, and between time and quantity of acrylate liquid are investigated on
... Show MoreLet be a non-trivial simple graph. A dominating set in a graph is a set of vertices such that every vertex not in the set is adjacent to at least one vertex in the set. A subset is a minimum neighborhood dominating set if is a dominating set and if for every holds. The minimum cardinality of the minimum neighborhood dominating set of a graph is called as minimum neighborhood dominating number and it is denoted by . A minimum neighborhood dominating set is a dominating set where the intersection of the neighborhoods of all vertices in the set is as small as possible, (i.e., ). The minimum neighborhood dominating number, denoted by , is the minimum cardinality of a minimum neighborhood dominating set. In other words, it is the
... Show MoreSince the beginning of the last century, the competition for water resources has intensified dramatically, especially between countries that have no agreements in place for water resources that they share. Such is the situation with the Euphrates River which flows through three countries (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq) and represents the main water resource for these countries. Therefore, the comprehensive hydrologic investigation needed to derive optimal operations requires reliable forecasts. This study aims to analysis and create a forecasting model for data generation from Turkey perspective by using the recorded inflow data of Ataturk reservoir for the period (Oct. 1961 - Sep. 2009). Based on 49 years of real inflow data
... Show MoreBack ground: Spectral analyses of solutions have long been applied to various body fluids for the purpose of clinical study as well as research .Human saliva can be easily obtained by non invasive .In this study typical spectra (for UV and IR) of saliva of oral cancer Squamous cell carcinoma patients were determined under average conditions and evaluated in relation to the spectra of normal specimens. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients of oral cancer Squamous cell carcinoma and seventeen age matched healthy subject were included in this study .Chewing - Stimulated Saliva was collected in plastic test tube and stored at -20° C. Bach of saliva samples were used for UV and IR measurements. Results: Many differences between the IR spect
... Show MoreBiological Activity of Complexes of Some Amino Acid
Standards of audit have been defined issued them by professional organizations the audit risk is: Failure of the auditor inadvertently to amend his opinion on the financial statements in suitable method, although these statements are Interpolated Essentially. As result the deep impacts caused by electronic operating systems in the accounting data in the audit process which audit risk has gained attention of many professional sides, especially the audit process and quality is relating with level of discovery the auditor for the mistakes of origin (misrepresentations) all their types and give the necessary confidence for the auditor to express his technical opinion in fidelity and certified financial statements which prepared electronicall
... Show MoreSeven species of semi venomous Opisthoglypha snakes (Reptilia, Ophidia) of Iraq are listed with important characteristics in morphology due to geographical and individual variation of species, as well, the confusion in the scales count of Telescopus tessellatus martini (Schmidt, 1939) of Iraq are discussed.