Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at locations -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with the tendency of being non-responder to etanercept.

Patients and methods: Between October 2020 and August 2021, a total of 80 patients (10 males, 70 females; mean age: 50 years; range, 30 to 72 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept for at least six months were included. The patients were divided into two groups responders and non-responders, based on their response after six months of continuous treatment. Following polymerase chain reac

        The performance of asphalt concrete pavement has affected by many factors, the temperature is the most important environmental one which has a large effect on the structural behavior of flexible pavement materials. The main cause of premature failure of pavement is the rutting, Due to the viscoelastic nature of the asphalt cement, rutting is more pronounced in hot climate areas because the viscosity of the asphalt binder which is
inversely related to rutting is significantly reduced with the increase in temperature resulting in a more rut susceptible paving mixtures. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of temperatures variations on the permanent deformation parameters (perm

This research reviews studies that identify the habitats of the redbelly tilapia, Coptodon zillii, in Iraq, the environmental conditions favorable to this species distribution and proliferation, as well as its economic and social significance as a food source. Additonally, the study examines its effects on biodiversity through competition with native fish species for resources, as well as its role as reservoirs of pathogens, its adverse effect on human health due to the tendency to retain oil crude inside the tissues, and its impact on environmental and water quality by increasing water turbidity. Finally, the review exhibits recommendations for strategies to mitigate its detrimental effects on biodiversity as well as environment.

This research reviews studies that identify the habitats of the redbelly tilapia, Coptodon zillii, in Iraq, the environmental conditions favorable to this species distribution and proliferation, as well as its economic and social significance as a food source. Additonally, the study examines its effects on biodiversity through competition with native fish species for resources, as well as its role as reservoirs of pathogens, its adverse effect on human health due to the tendency to retain oil crude inside the tissues, and its impact on environmental and water quality by increasing water turbidity. Finally, the review exhibits recommendations for strategies to mitigate its detrimental effects on biodiversity as well as environment.

Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety

The researcher seeks to know the extent of applying the concept of design by Iraqi electronic press sites to provide media product with the acceptance of their browsers and ensure their repeated visits to such sites in the framework of the guiding rules for laser browsing. The researcher uses analytical study on a sample of six Iraqi electronic newspaper sites to identify the general features of their design and the methods of distribution of the structural elements of the pages. The researcher also conducts a field study on a sample of the surfers of electronic newspaper sites to see the extent of their evaluation to their design and the degree of their satisfaction.

  The value of culture in its interaction is composed and formulated according to compatible and incompatible roles which view the identity that adopts that formation although it is in most cases perceived and declared. The attraction and difference characteristic might be implied within subjective and procedural meaning through which it seeks to make the identity mobile subject to identity- shaping cultural causes implying the conflicts that take the shape and culture of real time. As for the end of the twentieth century and afterward where the concepts of hegemony, globalization, cultural invasion, colonial and imperial culture, all these causes made the cultural identity concept appear on the surface of the critical studies as a

POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION THE BALANCED SCORECARD IN THE IRAQI INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES: A PROPOSED MODEL