Gumbel distribution was dealt with great care by researchers and statisticians. There are traditional methods to estimate two parameters of Gumbel distribution known as Maximum Likelihood, the Method of Moments and recently the method of re-sampling called (Jackknife). However, these methods suffer from some mathematical difficulties in solving them analytically. Accordingly, there are other non-traditional methods, like the principle of the nearest neighbors, used in computer science especially, artificial intelligence algorithms, including the genetic algorithm, the artificial neural network algorithm, and others that may to be classified as meta-heuristic methods. Moreover, this principle of nearest neighbors has useful statistical features. The objective of this paper is thus to propose a new algorithm where it allows getting the estimation of the parameters of Gumbel probability distribution directly. Furthermore, it overcomes the mathematical difficulties in this matter without need to the derivative of the likelihood function. Taking simulation approach under consideration as empirical experiments where a hybrid method performs optimization of these three traditional methods. In this regard, comparisons have been done between the new proposed method and each pair of the traditional methods mentioned above by efficiency criterion Root of Mean Squared Error (RMSE). As a result, (36) experiments of different combinations of initial values of two parameters (λ: shift parameter and θ: scale parameter) in three values that take four different sample sizes for each experiment. To conclude, the proposed algorithm showed its superiority in all simulation combinations associated with all sample sizes for the two parameters (λ and θ). In addition, the method of Moments was the best in estimating the shift parameter (λ) and the method of Maximum Likelihood was in estimating the scale parameter (θ).
An encryption system needs unpredictability and randomness property to maintain information security during transmission and storage. Although chaotic maps have this property, they have limitations such as low Lyapunov exponents, low sensitivity and limited chaotic regions. The paper presents a new improved skewed tent map to address these problems. The improved skew tent map (ISTM) increases the sensitivity to initial conditions and control parameters. It has uniform distribution of output sequences. The programs for ISTM chaotic behavior were implemented in MATLAB R2023b. The novel ISTM produces a binary sequence, with high degree of complexity and good randomness properties. The performance of the ISTM generator shows effective s
... Show MoreInternal conversion coefficients (ICC) and electron–positron pair conversion coefficients (PCC) for multipole transition of the core nucleus 88Sr have been calculated theoretically. The calculation is based on the relativistic Dirac–Fock (DF) solutions using the so called ‘‘Frozen Orbital’’ approximation, takes into account the effect of atomic vacancies created in the conversion process, covering a transition energies of 1–5000 keV. A large number of points were used to minimize any errors due to mesh-size effects. The internal conversion coefficients display a smooth monotonic dependence on transition energy, multipolarity and atomic shell. Comparing the values of PCC to ICC, it is interesting to note, that the energy dep
... Show MoreIn this research study the synodic month for the moon and their
relationship with the mean anomaly for the moon orbit and date A.D
and for long periods of time (100 years), we was design a computer
program that calculates the period of synodic months, and the
coordinates of the moon at the moment of the new moon with high
accuracy. During the 100 year, there are 1236 period of synodic
months.
We found that the when New Moon occurs near perigee (mean
anomaly = 0°), the length of the synodic month at a minimum.
Similarly, when New Moon occurs near apogee (mean anomaly =
180°), the length of the synodic month reaches a maximum. The
shortest synodic month on 2053 /1/ 16 and lasted (29.27436) days.
The lo
Objective: To evaluate the levels of Psychological well-being among elderly people and To find out the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and psychological well-being among elderly people who live in Geriatric centers. Methodology: A descriptive study in which evaluation approach is applied to achieve the objectives of the study the period of the study was from 29 December 2014 to 25 may 2015, The sample is non-probability (purposive sample) of 60 elderly people and selecte according to criteria of sample and for the purpose of the study , ( 40 ) are from Al Rashad and ( 20 ) Sleek
In aspect-based sentiment analysis ABSA, implicit aspects extraction is a fine-grained task aim for extracting the hidden aspect in the in-context meaning of the online reviews. Previous methods have shown that handcrafted rules interpolated in neural network architecture are a promising method for this task. In this work, we reduced the needs for the crafted rules that wastefully must be articulated for the new training domains or text data, instead proposing a new architecture relied on the multi-label neural learning. The key idea is to attain the semantic regularities of the explicit and implicit aspects using vectors of word embeddings and interpolate that as a front layer in the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Bi-LSTM. First, we
... Show MoreModified algae with nano copper oxide (CuO) were used as adsorption media to remove tetracycline (TEC) from aqueous solutions. Functional groups, morphology, structure, and percentages of surfactants before and after adsorption were characterised through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Several variables, including pH, connection time, dosage, initial concentrations, and temperature, were controlled to obtain the optimum condition. Thermodynamic studies, adsorption isotherm, and kinetics models were examined to describe and recognise the type of interactions involved. Resultantly, the best operation conditions were at pH 7, contact time
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