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Saponification of Diethyl Adipate with Sodium Hydroxide Using Reactive Distillation
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This research presents a new study in reactive distillation by adopting a consecutive reaction . The adopted consecutive reaction was the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate with NaOH solution. The saponification reaction occurs in two steps. The distillation process had the role of withdrawing the intermediate product i.e. monoethyl adipate from the reacting mixture before the second conversion to disodium adipate occurred. It was found that monoethyl adipate appeared successfully in the distillate liquid. The percentage conversion from di-ester to monoester was greatly enhanced (reaching 86%) relative to only 15.3% for the case of reaction without distillation .This means 5 times enhancement . The presence of two layers in both the distillate and residual liquids was noticed ,the upper (water) layer and the lower (ester) layer. However, water layer was dominant in the distillate .The percentage excess of NaOH solution was calculated with respect to the concentration of monoester (9%-79%) and it was found that increasing the concentration of NaOH solution( until 40%) led to increase in the percentage conversion to monoester. It also led to get a pure monoester in the distillate and made the residual liquid appear as one layer. Maximum conversion had been occurred in the rang (40%-60%). After 60% the percentage conversion lowered noticeably

Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Particle-Hole State Density Calculations with Non-Equidistant Spacing Model: I. Basic Derivation
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The basic analytical formula for particle-hole state densities is derived based on the non-Equidistant Spacing Model (non-ESM) for the single-particle level density (s.p.l.d.) dependence on particle excitation energy u. Two methods are illustrated in this work, the first depends on Taylor series expansion of the s.p.l.d. about u, while the second uses direct analytical derivation of the state density formula. This treatment is applied for a system composing from one kind of fermions and for uncorrected physical system. The important corrections due to Pauli blocking was added to the present formula. Analytical comparisons with the standard formulae for ESM are made and it is shown that the solution reduces to earlier formulae providing m

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Mixed Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with Porous Medium with Bottom Wall Periodic Boundary Condition
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Transient mixed convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium heated at periodic sinusoidal heat flux is investigated numerically in the present paper. The Poisson-type pressure equation, resulted from the substituting of the momentum Darcy equation in the continuity equation, was discretized by using finite volume technique. The energy equation was solved by a fully implicit control volume-based finite difference formulation for the diffusion terms with the use of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics scheme to discretize the convective terms and the temperature values at the control volume faces. The numerical study covers a range of the hydrostatic pressure head , , , , and ), sinusoidal amplitude range of

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Community Medicine
Leg alopecia in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases in comparison with Healthy Control in Adult Males.
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KE Sharquie, JR Al-Rawi, AA Noaimi, RA Al-Khammasi, Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine, 2018

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Mixed Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with Porous Medium with Bottom Wall Periodic Boundary Condition
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Transient mixed convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium heated at periodic sinusoidal heat flux is investigated numerically in the present paper. The Poisson-type pressure equation, resulted from the substituting of the momentum Darcy equation in the continuity equation, was discretized by using finite volume technique. The energy equation was solved by a fully implicit control volume-based finite difference formulation for the diffusion terms with the use of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics scheme to discretize the convective terms and the temperature values at the control volume faces. The numerical study covers a range of the hydrostatic  pressure sinusoidal  amplitude  range and

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2022
Journal Name
Archives Of Razi Institute
Vitamin D Level and its Relation with the Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Neuropathy in Women with Hypothyroidism
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 08 2026
Journal Name
International Journal Of Medical Parasitology And Epidemiology Sciences
Diversity of Intestinal Parasites in Ostriches Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 by Using Routine Parasitological Techniques and PCR in Iraq
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Introduction: Ostrich farming has emerged as a new livestock industry in Iraq, but scientists lack sufficient information on health concerns, including intestinal parasites that cause significant production losses and financial instability over extended periods. Methods: Researchers collected 150 fecal samples from ostriches that dwelled in central and southern Iraq for microscopic examination of intestinal parasite occurrence. Results: The six parasite species included Entamoeba sp., which made up 26.66% of the population, and Cryptosporidium sp. at 11.33%, Ascaridia galli at 10%, Giardia sp. at 4.6%, Raillietina sp. at 2%, and Trichostrongyl. Molecular analysis was performed on a subset of positive samples because Entamoeba sp. is

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 25 2020
Journal Name
Open Access Macedonian Journal Of Medical Sciences
Evaluation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Iraqi Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Its Correlation with Clinical Parameters and Response to Induction Therapy
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BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a proangiogenic factor that exerts different effects over stem cell survival growth, apoptosis, and adhesion. Its impact on leukemogenesis has been established by many studies. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of plasma HGF activity on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at presentation and after remission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional prospective study of 30 newly-diagnosed, adult, and AML patients. All patients received the 7+3 treatment protocol. Patients’ clinical data were taken at presentation, and patients were followed up for 6 months to evaluate the clinical status. Plasma HGF levels were estimated by ELISA based methods in the pa

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Enhanced Physical Absorption Properties of ZnO Nanorods by Electrostatic Self-Assembly with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Decorated with Silver and Copper Nanoparticles
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The preparation and characterization of innovative nanocomposites based on zinc oxide nanorods (ZNR) encapsulated by graphene (Gr) nanosheets and decorated with silver (Ag), and cupper (Cu) nanoparticles (NP) were studied. The prepared nanocomposites (ZNR@Gr/Cu-Ag) were examined by different techniques including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the ZNR has been good cover by five layers of graphene and decorated with Ag and Cu NPs with particles size of about 10-15 nm. The ZNR@Gr/Cu-Ag nanocomposites exhibit high absorption behavior in ultraviolet (UV) region of sp

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Biological Activity Study of Some New Complexes with Schiff Base Derived From Malonic Acid Dihydrazide with 2-pyridine Crboxaldehyde
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تم تحضير ثلاث معقدات جديدة Ni (II)و Cu (II) و Zn (II) باستخدام الليكند المحضر الجديد من تفاعل حامض مالونيك ثنائي هيدرازايد مع 2-بيريدين كربوكسالديهايد. حيث شخصت المعقدات لمحضرة وكذلك الليكند باستخدام تقنيات مختلفة مثل FT-IR و UV-Vis و Mass و 1H-NMR و 13C-NMR وتحليل العناصر CHN و تقدير محتوى  الكلور والموصلية المولارية والحساسية المغناطيسية والامتصاص الذري لتشخيص هذه المركبات. لكل معقد محضر جديد من النيكل والنحاس والزنك ، كشفت نتائج ا

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
A Comparison Between Some Estimator Methods of Linear Regression Model With Auto-Correlated Errors With Application Data for the Wheat in Iraq
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This research a study model of linear regression problem of autocorrelation of random error is spread when a normal distribution as used in linear regression analysis for relationship between variables and through this relationship can predict the value of a variable with the values of other variables, and was comparing methods (method of least squares, method of the average un-weighted, Thiel method and Laplace method) using the mean square error (MSE) boxes and simulation and the study included fore sizes of samples (15, 30, 60, 100). The results showed that the least-squares method is best, applying the fore methods of buckwheat production data and the cultivated area of the provinces of Iraq for years (2010), (2011), (2012),

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