Yeast strain S9, which produced a high amount of biosurfactant, was isolated from pickledolive and identified as a strain of Candida guilliermondii using VITTEK 2 compact system, this strain was selected out of 13bioemulsifier producing strains. The effects of some environmental and nutritional factors on biosurfactant production were evaluated, the maximum value of E24% was observed at pH 4 which was 70% and the optimal temperature for biosurfactant production was 30 °C, E24% was 75%. Among different edible and heavy oils, the sesame oil and heavy oil 150 were the best carbon sources in production of biosurfactant, E24% was82% and 78% respectively and among different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, the yeast extract was the bes

In petroleum industry, there are two major operations that can potentially impact the environment: Drilling and production. Both activities generate a significant volume of wastes include drill cuttings contaminated with hydrocarbons, wide variety of chemical additives, produced water and air pollutants. The potential impact depends primarily on the material, its concentration after release, and the biotic community that is exposed.
In this study, many drilling locations and production facilities have been investigated and examined for their adverse effects on the environment. Contamination with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, salts, other associated wastes and air pollution were detected at many sits.
Understanding of drilling and pro

Used cooking oil was undergoing trans-esterification reaction to produce biodiesel fuel. Method of production consisted of pretreatment steps, trans-esterification, separation, washing and drying. Trans-esterification of treated oils was studied at different operation conditions, the methanol to oil mole ratio were 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, and 12:1, at different temperature 30, 40, 50, and 60 ^º C, reaction time 40, 60, 80, and 120 minutes, amount of catalyst 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt.% based on oil and mixing speed 400 rpm. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 91.68 wt.% for treated oils obtained by trans-esterification reaction with 10:1 methanol to oil mole ratio, 60 ^º C reaction temperature, 80 minute reactio

Gypseous soils are widely distributed and especially in Iraq where arid area of hot climatic is present. These soils are considered as problematic soils; therefore this work attends to improve the geotechnical properties of such soil and reduce the dangers of collapse due to wetting process. In this research, undisturbed soil sample of 30 % gypsum content from Karbala city is used. The Single Oedometer collapse test is used in order to investigate the collapse characteristics of natural soil and after treatment with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% of Cutback Asphalt. Moreover, two selected additive percentages (9% and 12%) are used to evaluate the suitability of using the Cutback Asphalt for improvement of the bearing capacity o

Abstract

This paper concerned with study the effect of a graphite micro powder mixed in the kerosene dielectric fluid during powder mixing electric discharge machining (PMEDM) of high carbon high chromium AISI D2 steel. The type of electrode (copper and graphite), the pulse current and the pulse-on time and mixing powder in kerosene dielectric fluid are taken as the process main input parameters. The material removal rate MRR, the tool wear ratio TWR and the work piece surface roughness (SR) are taken as output parameters to measure the process performance. The experiments are planned using response surface methodology (RSM) design procedure. Empirical models are developed for MRR, TWR and SR, using the analysis

The depletion of petroleum reserves and increasing environmental concerns have driven the development of eco-friendly asphalt binders. This research investigates the performance of natural asphalt (NA) modified with waste engine oil (WEO) as a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum asphalt (PA). The study examines NA modified with 10%, 20%, and 30% WEO by the weight of asphalt to identify an optimal blend ratio that enhances the binder’s flexibility and workability while maintaining high-temperature stability. Comprehensive testing was conducted, including penetration, softening point, viscosity, ductility, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), F

   Pyrolysis of virgin polyethylene plastics was studied in order to produce hydrocarbon liquid fuel. The pyrolysis process carried out for low and high-density polyethylene plastics in open system batch reactor in temperature range of 370 to 450°C.

   Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the virgin plastics showed that the degradation ranges were between 326 and 495 °C. The results showed that the optimum temperature range of pyrolysis of polyethylene plastics that gives highest liquid yield (with specific gravity between 0.7844 and 0.7865) was 390 to 410 °C with reaction time of about 35 minutes. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy gave a quite evidence that the produced hydrocarbon liquid fuel consisted ma

    The study involved isolation and characterization of E.coli from patient’s infected with diarrhea , in order to study the ability of the bacteria to produce cytosine deaminase (CD). Result showed eight isolates of E.coli which showed adifference in the production of (CD) and the isolate of E. coli E33 was the beast of its production of CD than the other’s and the value of the specific activity was 4.920  u/mg protein , when grown in the medium which contains 1% glycerol ,3% peptone as a source of Carbon and Nitrogen respectively with pH 8.   The optimum cultural condition‘s for the production of CD from E. coli E33 was studied the result‘s  showed that the isolate gave the