Objective: Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that is prevalent worldwide in all age groups. Numerous attempts have been made to develop conservative approaches to halt caries progression and restore enamel defects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying grape seed extract and chicken eggshell extract on the microhardness of demineralized enamel in permanent teeth. Methods: Forty-eight sound upper first premolars were used. Following demineralization with the demineralizing solution for 96 hours, they were distributed into four groups consistent with the treatment agent used: group A was treated with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (as a control group), group B was treated with grape se

Separation of uricase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was done using (70%) satu-ration ammonium sulphate, and purification of this enzyme was done by ion ex-change chromatography on DEAE- cellulose column and eluted with linear NaCl (0-1M). Partial purified uricase gave an activity of (4.9 u/ml), protein concentration of (0.56 mg/ml), specific activity of (8.75 unit/mg) with purification folds (8.4) and a yield of (48%). The maximum purified uricase activity was detected at 35ºc and pH 8.5 with (0.12 mM.uric acid). The results shown that red cabbage extract (RCE) contain flavonoides which contain phenolic compounds and anthocyanines which glycoslated with mono or dimolecules of saccharides, while test for alkaloids, ster-oids, saponins and

The present study intends to prepare nanofibers mat of polyacrylonitrile by electrospinning technique and investigates their adsorption capacity to Congo red dye from the aqueous solution, after characterize it by different techniques such as FTIR, SEM, EDA, XRD and BET. The influence factors on adsorption were studied including adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, contact time, pH and ionic strength. The results confirmed that the increasing in pH decreases the adsorption capacity. So, the optimum adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time were 0.006 g, 25 mg/L and 150 min respectively. The isotherm models of Freundlich and Langmuir were applied on the experimental adsorption data to evaluate the maximum capacity and ener

Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin was extracted by cooling centrifugation and filtration
with milipore filter (0.22um) and was purified by using Sephacryl –S- 6 gel
filtration,the content of protein was estimated . The results showed protein
concentration was 28.5 microgram/ml,the present of enterotoxin was detected by
infant suckling mouse method.
.The cytopathic effect of enterotoxin was studied by injecting a number of mice with
purified enterotoxin, It was found caused shortening the villi of the intestine at
concentration 55 and 45 ug /ml of purified enterotoxin, while the effect on liver
showed degenerative change with necrosis at 55 ug/ml of enterotoxin and caused
necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory ce

     In this research, an unknown space-dependent force function in the wave equation is studied. This is a natural continuation of [1] and chapter 2 of [2] and [3], where the finite difference method (FDM)/boundary element method (BEM), with the separation of variables method, were considered. Additional data are given by the one end displacement measurement. Moreover, it is a continuation of [3], with exchanging the boundary condition, where  are extra data, by the initial condition. This is an ill-posed inverse force problem for linear hyperbolic equation. Therefore, in order to stabilize the solution, a zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization method is provided. To assess the accuracy, the minimum error between

Leucine amino peptidases (LAP; EC 3.4.11.1) constitute a diverse set of exopeptidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues from the amino-terminal of protein or peptide substrates, (LAP) are present in animals, plants, and microbes. In this study, leucine amino peptidase was purified partial from Arachis hypogaea seeds by using gel filtration chromatography Sephadex G-100. The enzyme was purified 3.965 fold with a recovery of 29.4%. Its pH and temperature optimum were(8.7) and (37oC), respectively. The results show novel properties of LAP from Arachis hypogaea L. or peanut. The Km value for LAP (77 mM), with V max (1538 m mole min-1). We recommend a separate isoenzymeof the enzyme (LAP) from Arachis hypogaea on L. peanut seeds a

Beta-lactamase was purified from local isolate Klebsiella pneumonia by several steps included precipitation with ammonium sulphate at 20-40% saturation, DEAE- ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 column. The obtained purification fold and recovery were 32.66; 47.04% respectively. The characterization of the purified beta-lactamase showed that the molecular weight was about 4000 daltons as determined by gel filtration.Purified enzyme had an optimal pH of 7 for activity and an optimal stability between pH 6.5-7.5, results shows that the optimal temperature appear to be 35 ? C .During storage the enzyme retained 72% at -20 ? C and retained 25% of the activity at the same period at 4 ? C.

In the theoretical part, removal of direct yellow 8 (DY8) from water solution was accomplished using Bentonite Clay as an adsorbent. Under batch adsorption, the adsorption was observed as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature. The equilibrium data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, and the linear regression coefficient R2 was used to determine the best fitting isotherm model. thermodynamic parameters of the ongoing adsorption mechanism, such as Gibb's free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, have also been measured. The batch method was also used for the kinetic calculations, and the day's adsorption assumes first-order rate kinetics. The kinetic studies also show that the intrapar

Abstract

quality issue is the only issue the interesting in recent years of the last century, but also came out of sync with the other issue is the issue of environment, Where they have become represent two sides of one currency, challenges faced by the world and raised by the environmental problems have made industrial organizations pay great attention to the environment by improving their environmental performance, and that's where the oil industry is one of the most dangerous industries, influential and damaging to the environment due to the organizations move away from oil for adoption The application of EMS then a tool to improve environmental performance has been chosen sam