Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
The effect of time (or corrosion products formation) on corrosion rates of carbon steel pipe in aerated 0.1N NaCl solution under turbulent flow conditions is investigated. Tests are conducted using electrochemical polarization technique by determining the limiting current density of oxygen reduction in Reynolds number range of 15000 to 110000 and temperature range of 30 to 60oC. The effect of corrosion products formation on the friction factor is studied and discussed. Corrosion process is analyzed as a mass transfer operation and the mass transfer theory is employed to express the corrosion rate. The results are compared with many proposed models particularly those based on the concept of analogy among momentum, heat,
Thin films Tin sulfide SnS pure and doped with different ratios of Cu (X=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) were prepared using thermal evaporation with a vacuum of 4*10-6mbar on two types of substrates n-type Si and glass with (500) nm thickness for solar cell application. X-ray diffraction and AFM analysis were carried out to explain the influence of Cu ratio dopant on structural and morphological properties respectively. SnS phase appeared forming orthorhombic structure with preferred orientation (111), increase the crystallinity degree and surface roughness with increase Cu ratio. UV/Visible measurement revealed the decrease in energy gap from 1.9eV for pure SnS to 1.5 for SnS: Cu (0.05) making these samples suitable f
Double hydrothermal method was used to prepare nano gamma alumina using aluminum nitrate nano hydrate and sodium aluminate as an aluminum source, CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as surfactant, and variable acids: weak acids like; citric, and acitic acids, and strong acids like; hydrochloric and nitric acids as a bridge between aluminum salts and surfactant. Different crystallization times 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs were applied. All the batches were prepared at pH equals to 9. XRD diffraction technique was used to investigate the crystalline nano gamma alumina pure from surfactant. N2 adsorption-desorption (BET) was used to measure the surface area and pore volume of the prepared nano alumina, the average p
Rooting response in stem cuttings of mung bean increased considerably with inresing seedling age, due to endogenous IAA or supplied IBA. However, after the day 7- or 8-old of seedling age. The cotyledons sheivel and drop-off spontaneously at day-8 of seedling age. So that cotyledons excision after cuttings were made during the period between seedling emergence (the day 4) and cotyledons dropping off (which starts at day 8 and its completion at day 10) causes decrease in rooting at any time during cutting treatment ,in particular, at zero time . In addition, results of this study revealed that terminal buds do not influence significantly adventitious root formation whether IBA supplied or not. Whereas in leafless c
Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of post- pressing time of acrylic resin (immediate, 6, 12 and 24 hour) on the dimensional accuracy of denture base whish is a critical factor in the retention and stability of the complete denture that may occur during polymerization shrinkage.
Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary stone casts were poured in plastic mold (Columbia Dentoform corp. NEW YORK, type III dental stone (Geastone, Zeus Sri Loc.Tamburine Roccastrada, GR, Italy). The stone casts were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10 specimens each according to the post-pressing times into (immediate, 6, 12 and 24 h.). Heat cure acrylic resin denture base was constructed according to the previously mentioned pressi
In this work, Titanium oxide thin films doped with different concentration of CuO (0,5,10, 15,20)
%wt were prepared by pulse laser deposition(PLD) technique on glass substrates at room temperature with
constant deposition parameter such as : pulse (Nd:YAG), laser with λ=1064 nm, constant energy 800 mJ ,
repetition rate 6 Hz and No. of pulse (500). The structure , optical and electrical properties were studied . The
results of X-ray diffraction( XRD) confirmed that the film grown by this technique have good crystalline
tetragonal mixed anatase and rutile phase structure, The preferred orientation was along (110) direction for
Rutile phase. The optical properties of the films were studied by UV-VIS spectrum in the range of (360-1100)
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of putrescine and spermidine
at all stages of regeneration (callogenesis, somatic embryos multiplication, germination and rooting)) of date palm cultivar
Barhee. Shoot tips were eradicated from 2-3 years old offshoots, surface sterilized and inoculated onto Murashiege and
Skoog, 1962 (MS) medium supplemented with 20 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L N6-2-isopentyl adenine (2ip). Primary callus was
obtained after 24 weeks on the nutrient medium. Calli were then transferred onto fresh MS medium containing 0.0, 50, 100 or
150 mg/L of putrescine or spermidine individually. Results were recorded after 12 weeks. A significant increase in embryonic
callus fresh weights reached
In this work, we study the effect of doping Sn on the structural and optical properties of pure cadmium oxide films at different concentrations of Tin (Sn) (X=0.1,0.3 and 0.5) .The films prepared by using the laser-induced plasma at wavelength of laser 1064 nm and duration 9 ns under pressure reached to 2.5×10-2 mbar. The results of X-ray diffraction tests showed that the all prepared films are polycrystalline. As for the topography of the films surface, it was measured using AFM , where the results showed that the grain size increases with an increase in the percentage of doping in addition to an increase in the average roughness. The optical properties of all films have also been studied through the absorbance s
Obliquely deposited (70o) Bi, Sb, and Bi-Sb alloy thin films have been prepared by thermal resistive technique. Structural properties of these films were studied using XRD. Their resistance and voltage responsivity for Nd:YAG and CO2 laser pulses have been recorded as function of operating temperature between 10 oC and 120 oC. It was found that the maximum responsivity for these detectors can be obtained at 75 oC. On the other hand, the dependence of responsivity on the width of detectors was investigated.
