Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection in a three dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (silica sand) between two inclined concentric cylinders with (and without) annular fins attached to the inner cylinder under steady state condition; The experiments were carried out for a range of modified Rayleigh number (0.2 ≤Ra*≤ 11) and extended to Ra* =500 for numerical study, annulus inclination angle of (δ = 0˚, 30˚, 60˚ and 90˚). The numerical study was to write the governing equation under an assumptions used Darcy law and Boussinesq’s approximation and then solved numerically using finite difference approximation. It was found that the averag
Medicinal plants are a source for a wide variety of natural active compounds and are used for the treatment of diseases throughout the world.
Conocarpus erectus L. widely planted all over Iraq and has different secondary metabolites, which has been used in treatment of anemia,
cancer, fever and diarrhea. The present study aims to estimate the antibacterial activity of Conocarpus erectus leaves extracts on some
microorganisms collected from patients with burn infection. The study began with the collection of Conocarpus erectus leaves in June 2018
from the trees in university of Baghdad. Maceration method was used to prepare aqueous extract, while Soxhelt apparatus was used to
prepare methanolic extract. The results of phytochemical test show
In this work, wide band range photo detector operating in UV, Visible and IR was fabricated using carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Silicon was used as a substrate to deposited CNTs/Ag NPs by the drop casting technique. Polyamide nylon polymer was used to coat CNTs/Ag NPs to enhance the photo-response of the detector. The electro-exploding wire technology was used to synthesize Ag NPs. Good dispersion of silver NPs achieved by a simple chemistry process on the surface of CNTs. The optical, structure and electrical characteristic of CNTs decorated with Ag NPs were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. X-ray diffra
Objective(s): The main aim of the study is to determine the level of burden on mothers toward children with anorectal malformation. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at Welfare Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City. From November 15th, 2017 to April 29th, 2018. Convenient sample comprised of (140) children mothers with anorectal malformation were interviewed for the study. The instrument of study is composed of six domains related mothers' burden toward psychosocial burden as a result of child with anorectal malformation. Validity of the study instrument was determined through a panel of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire is determined in a pilot study among (1
In this paper we study the effect of magnetichydrodynamic upon the boundary layer flow and heat transfer on a permeable unsteady stretching sheet with non – uniform heat source / sink. It found that the momentum and energy equations are controlled by many different dimensionless parameters such as prandtle number pr , unsteadiness parameter A , constant pressure So , coefficient of the space dependent A , the temperature dependent B , and the MHD parameter M . The analytic solutions are obtained by using suitable similarity transformations and homotopy analysis method (HAM). Furthermore, we analysis the effects of all dimensionless number, there are mentioned above, upon the velocity distribution and
Sea level rise (SLR) due to climate change is affecting the coastline, causing shoreline changes, the degradation of mangrove forests, and the destruction of coastal resources. This is the cause of a huge amount of mangrove degradation in many parts of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta. A total of 90% of people have been forced to migrate from the island due to extreme weather conditions. In this study, remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used for LULC change and shoreline shift analyses of Ghoramara Island. LULC classification was carried out using thirty years of Landsat datasets with intervals of ten years (1990 and 2000) and intervals of five years (2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020). The classific
Age and BMI may be used to diagnosis of thyroid autoimmune disease. One hundred Iraqi
women with age ranged from 18 to 60 years participate in this research, 50 of them were
hypothyroidism patients, 30 were hyperthyroidism patients and the other 20 were euthyroidism served
as controls. Blood samples were collected from the studied subjects to determine thyroid profile [free
triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)],
thyroid antibodies [anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and anti-thyroid
stimulating hormone receptor (anti-TSHR)], and levels of vitamin D (vit D), calcium (Ca), and
phosphorus (P) using different analysis techniques.
When the effect of age
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Tilletia smut spores on
histopathological changes in liver and kidney in mice. Twenty animals were divided into two equal
groups, 10 mice each, control group fed on normal diet and the treated groups were fed on a
mixture of 50% normal diet with 50% wheat infected with Tilletia for 30 days. Histopathological
sections taken from liver and kidney treated with Tilletia revealed several alterations. The changes
in liver included, multiple granulomatous lesions, area of coagulation necrosis, vacuolar
degeneration in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, proliferation of hepatocytes with formation of
pseudolobull which initiates for procancer. Whereas in the kidney, the changes included
