Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
This research paper which is entitled “Analysis of Verbs Forms in Sa’eed Faeeq’s Short Story: Cloud in the Sky” deals with the forms of verbs (i.e., kinds of tenses and suffix analysis). It is one of the applied studies. Verbs are basic elements in Turkish sentences. Their function is to state the predicate which is a sentential essential part. Verbs denote sentence construction, action and formal aspects. Forms are added to the base of verbs in the Turkish language giving the verbs their final structures. Such structures are set in a distinct planned way. The verbs used in the Turkish language which are distinguished by one of these forms are known as simple tense verbs.
The compound [K1] was synthesized from the reaction of dichloromethane with linear alkyl benzene
(Lab9) using ethanol as a solvent, and from(chloro methyl)-4-nonylbenzene) [K1] it was possible to
synthesize the compound Z(4-(nonan-3-yl)phenyl) methane amine) [K2] containing the amine group by
synthesized from [K2] reaction with appropriate phenolic aldehydes and using Ethanol as a solvent in
the preparation of vinyl chloride4-(((4-nonylbenzyl)imino)methyl)phenol-4-(((4-nonylbenzyl)imino
methyl)benzene-1,3diol) [K3-K4] bases has been used. Preparation of a number of Phenolic polymers4-(2-
hydroxy-3.5-dimethylbenzyl)-2-methyl-6-(((4-4-(2hyroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzyl)-2-methyl-6(((4 nonylbenzyl)
imino) methyl) benzene-phenolnonylbenzyl) imino) me
Background: diabetic mellitus is one of the serious systemic diseases that may cause general systemic changes, which may be reflected in the oral cavity. The aims of this study were to assess the severity of dental caries, Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in addition to flow rate and pH among uncontrolled and controlled diabetic groups in comparison with non-diabetic control group.
Materials and Methods: Study groups consisted of 25 uncontrolled diabetic patients (HbA1c > 7), 25 controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c ? 7), in addition to 25 non-diabetic healthy looking individuals. Their age was (18-22) years from both genders. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was according to severity of dental caries lesion through the applic
Irrigation has significant role in endodontic treatment, many types of
antimicrobial irrigation solutions have been used, but due to the ineffectiveness, safety
concerns and side effects of this irrigation, the herbal alternatives for endodontic irrigants
might be beneficial. Objectives This study compared the in vitro effectiveness of
tea tree oil and clove oil as possible irrigants in endodontics against Enterococcus faecalis
in comparison with 3% Sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods E. faecalis
was isolated from patients in need for endodontic treatment; VITEK was employed for
E. faecalis isolate conformation. Muller Hinton agar was prepared with 100μl of freshly
prepared suspension of E.faecalis. Wells of 6mm diameter and 4mm dep
Abstract
Background: Articular cartilage lesions in the knee joint are frequently seen,its treatment represents a challenge for orthopedic surgeons especially in young age patients and if left untreated,then they can progress to advanced osteoarthritis that may affect the functional status of the patients.Many treatment modalities had developed for these lesions, in the current study arthroscopic micro fracture plus intra articular whole bone marrow(WBM) injection was used as modality of treating these lesions.
Objectives: to assess the effectiveness of arthroscopic micro fracture plus WBM intra articular injection as a treatment modality for knee articular cartilage lesions.
Patients and Methods : a prospective experimental study was perf
The aim of the research is to identify the cognitive method (rigidity flexibility) of third-stage students in the collage of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at The University of Baghdad, as well as to recognize the impact of using the McCarthy model in learning some of skills in gymnastics, as well as to identify the best groups in learning skills, the experimental curriculum was used to design equal groups with pre test and post test and the research community was identified by third-stage students in academic year (2020-2021), the subject was randomly selected two divisions after which the measure of cognitive method was distributed to the sample, so the subject (32) students were distributed in four groups, and which the pre te
In the current work, the mixing ratios ( 𝛿 ) of gamma transitions were calculated from energy levels
in the isotopes neodymium 60𝑁𝑎 142−150 populated in the 60Nd 142− 150 (n, n
ˊγ) 60Nd 142− 150 using the 𝑎2
ratio
method. We used the experimental coefficient (𝑎2
) for two γ-transitions from the initial state itself,
the statistical tensor 𝜌2(𝐽𝑖), associated with factor 𝑎2
, would be the same for the two transitions.
The results obtained are in good agreement or within the experimental error with -those previously
published. And existing contradictions resulting from inaccuracies in the empirical results of
previous work. The current results confirm that the , 𝑎2 − method is used to calculate th
The research aims to investigate the existence of a direct causal relationship between selected agricultural variables: agricultural output (as a representative of growth in the agricultural sector), agricultural terms of trade as a completely new variable in agricultural studies in recent years, agricultural labour which is an important part in the total workforce for Iraq, and finally, agricultural investment because of its importance and vital role in the production process, creating job opportunities, and then raising the level of employment, then it's role to achieving agricultural growth and development. For this purpose, the researchers used the Toda-Yamamoto causality methodology for a time series covering from 1990 to 2019. The res