Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
For cleaner air and unpolluted continue assessment study air pollution the city of Baghdad by measuring the concentrations of air pollutants, which included TSP, Pb, where the adoption of three stations (Andalus Square, Jadiriya, Allawi) are distributed in the city of Baghdad in order to compare the concentrations of these pollutants with previous studies. Study pointed out that the city's air contaminant, especially in minutes outstanding after deducting the amount of atmospheric dust thick mechanism city this year where the highest concentration of minutes outstanding (9895) micrograms / m 3 at the station Alawi and lower concentration of 157 micrograms / m 3 at the station Alawi and this was higher than the det
The Environmental Management System (EMS) is an important foundation for effective control of the organization's outstanding environmental performance. It applies standards for substantive review and provides a structure and a way to apply it in all aspects of th
the research was exposed to a study the importance of the role of the supportive entities in providing the useful information to the tax administration and their ability to extend the level of the tax base of taxpayers, through the improvement of the tax payers determination and their tax settle for the purpose of increasing the tax revenue, and shed light on the legal evidence through which these entities become officially assigned to perform a supplementary task to the General Committee for Taxes GCT, to help it to perform its task efficiently, and to study the reasons of the weak cooperation of the supportive entities and their reluctance to provide useful information which leads to limiting the tax base.
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety
The aim of this paper is to examine cases of deletion not dependent on linguistic context. Perlmutter (1971) claims that any sentence other than an imperative1 in which there is an S that does not contain a subject in the surface structure is ungrammatical. Dillon (1978) counts elliptical sentences such as ^ Beg your pardon2 as grammatically incomplete (and hence as strictly ungrammatical). Such statements are, however, not without problems for reasons that will be given below.
Abstract<p>In this paper we introduce generalized (α, β) derivation on Semirings and extend some results of Oznur Golbasi on prime Semiring. Also, we present some results of commutativity of prime Semiring with these derivation.</p>
Objective: To assess knowledge of pregnant women concerning prenatal care who attend primary health care center in Baghdad city. Methodology: A descriptive analytic study carried on (100) pregnant women who attend primary health care centers in Baghdad city (50) of them from Al- Sheik Omer primary health care center \Resafa sector .and 50 from Belat Al-Shuhadaa/ Al Karch sector, during the period from April to November 2011. The data were collected through interview and use questionnaire format. Validity and Reliability of the questionnaire were determined through panel of experts and pilot study, data were analysed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. R
Objectives: To determine the impact of an educational program on nurses’ knowledge and practices concerning neurogenic bladder rehabilitation for spinal cord injured persons through a follow-up approach each two months post program implementation for six months. Methodology: "Follow-up" longitudinal design by using time series approach of data analysis and the application of pre-post tests approach for the study and the control groups. The study was carried out at Ibn Al-Kuff hospital for (SCI) in Baghdad governorate from 5th of July 2010 to 15th of October 2011. To achieve the objectives of the study, a non-probability (purposive) sample of (60) nurses (males and females) were working in SCI units were selec
Introduction: Inadequate pain assessment and management is a problem in hospitalized patients that impairs their wellbeing. Intensive care unit nurses’ pain practices are affected by several barriers and enablers. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the level of nurses’ practices and perceived barriers related to pain assessment in critically ill patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional design study was used. Purposive sampling technique was employed, including 100 nurses recruited from 8 intensive care units in Baghdad city, Iraq. The study was conducted from September 1st to October 20th, 2022. The pain assessment and management for critically ill patients survey was used to collect data. Descriptive sta
