Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
The aim of the research is to clarify the role of service quality through its dimensions represented by (tangibility, reliability, safety, response, empathy) in tax compliance with taxpayers, i.e. performance of the duties and obligations of the taxpayer through its dimensions (registration, accounting, payment of the amount of tax), and to know For this role, a sample was taken from the taxpayers of the branches of the General Authority for Taxes spread in the governorate of Baghdad and its affiliated districts, which amount to (15) tax branches, as (215) questionnaires were distributed to know the impressions and reactions of the taxpayers regarding the level of service quality through the aforementioned dimensions. Using the statistic
The aim of the research is to assess the quality of the university accounting education system in Iraq. The researcher relied on the opinions of a sample of academics specialized in this field by preparing a checklist focusing on a set of axes that would affect the quality of accounting education in the Iraqi environment.
The most prominent finding of the research is that the quality of accounting education in Iraqi universities is medium and differs from one university to another in some quality components. In addition, the prescribed curricula and study plans applied in the accounting departments do not live up to the required level, as the largest proportion of those curricula are theoretically d
Image compression is an important tool to reduce the bandwidth and storage requirements of practical image systems. To reduce the increasing demand of storage space and transmission time compression techniques are the need of the day. Discrete time wavelet transforms based image codec using Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) is implemented in this paper. Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Maximum Difference (MD) are used to measure the picture quality of reconstructed image. MSE and PSNR are the most common picture quality measures. Different kinds of test images are assessed in this work with different compression ratios. The results show the high efficiency of SPIHT algori
Objective: The study deafs with nursing performance in the surgical wards in general hospital at Baghdad city. Methodology : A descriptive evaluation design using, observational method was carried out. Non probability (purposive) sample of (151) nurses was selected for the study and comprised all nurses who worked in general surgical wards in the four health sectors( Rusaffa , Al-Karkh, Al-Yarmok, Medical city health sector) at time of collecting the data. A check list questionnaire was constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study; it is composed of (2) major parts, part (I) is concerned with socio-demographic data and the second part is composed of two minor parts thev concerned with availability of
The research aims to extrapolate the repercussions of the use of expert systems in the work of the external auditor on the quality of audit, as the research problem was that despite the use of these techniques in audit work, there is a problem related to the efficiency and effectiveness of these technological systems used in audit work, the feasibility of their use and the extent of their impact: The quality of the audit process.
The researchers adopted the questionnaire as a tool for collecting study data from a community composed of auditors in auditing offices and companies in Iraq, and the auditors of the Iraqi Federal Financial Supervision Bureau. The number of recovered and valid qu
This study investigated a novel application of forward osmosis (FO) for oilfield produced water
treatment from the East Baghdad oilfield affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq). FO is a
part of a zero liquid discharge system that consists of oil skimming, coagulation/flocculation, forward osmosis, and crystallization. Treatment of oilfield produced water requires systems that use
a sustainable driving force to treat high-ionic-strength wastewater and have the ability to separate a wide range of contaminants. The laboratory-scale system was used to evaluate the performance of a cellulose triacetate hollow fiber CTA-HF membrane for the FO process. In this work,
sodium chloride solution was used as a feed solution (FS) with a concentratio
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory
demyelinating disease of central nervous system with
complex etiopathogenesis that impacts young adults (Lee
et al., 2015), and MS impacts younger and middle aged
character and leads to a range of disabilities that can
alter their daily routines (Yara et al, 2010). Although,
the exact cause of MS is still undetermined, the disease
is mediated by adaptive immunity through the infiltration
of T cells into the central nervous system (Bjelobaba et
al, 2017). MS causes the Focal neurological
symptomsand biochemical changes in the molecular level
and the variation of neural cells such as loss or alteration
of sensation, motor function, visible signs such as blurred
vision or transient blindness,
The research seeks to identify the contemporary events that face the use of electronic payment methods to localize the salaries of state employees and its impact in enhancing the mental image of customers, and to achieve this purpose from the fact that a questionnaire was designed and distributed to an optional sample of (31) individual customers (employees) dealing With the researched private banks, it has been analyzed and reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which is the lack of modernity of electronic payment methods by customers, which is reflected in the mental image of customers and the achievement of their satisfaction, in the Emiratization project for salaries needs an advanced leade
