Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
Objective(s): In the present study, glycerin is used as a substitute for tin-foil and cold mold seal (Alginate mould seal) in the process of curing heat and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base against stone and plaster. Methodology: 60 specimens were prepared from heat-cure acrylic resin and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base. The study includes 12 groups of specimens depending on the type of processing, investment material and type of separating medium that are used in curing process. Each group of them contains 5 specimens for each test. Some of physical properties of the processed acrylic denture base that (water sorption and solubility) have been compared with those processed using tin-foil and tin-foil substitut
Background: Tap waters play an important role in fulfilling the people needs for drinking and domestic
purposes. Contaminate the tap water with different pollutants has become an issue of great concern for
90% of people who are depended on the tap water as the main source of drinking. Pollutants can make
their way easily into the delivering pipes which suffer from the leaking resulting in decreasing the
quality of water. Objective: Therefore, assess the water quality for drinking purpose by calculating the
water quality index is an important tool to ascertain whether the water is suitable for human
consumption or not. Methods: In the present work, the water quality of the Al-Salam, western region of
Baghdad city, Iraq was investigated for 7
The current research aims to recognize the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of the test-wiseness scale on a sample of Hama University students, using the descriptive method. Thus, the sample consists of (472) male and female students from the faculties of the University of Hama. Besides, Abu Hashem’s 50 item test-wiseness scale (2008) has been used. The validity and reliability of the items of the scale have also been verified, and six items have been deleted accordingly. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the first degree have shown the presence of the following five acceptable factors: (exam preparation, test time management, question paper handling, answer sheet handling, and revision). Moreover,
Objective(s): To assess mothers' practices toward children with steroid – sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome (SSNS) who are visiting nephrology consultation units, and to find out the relationships between their practices and the demographical data for mother and child. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at nephrology consultation units of Baghdad pediatrics hospitals (Child's Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Al-kadimiyia Teaching Hospital, and Welfare Teaching Hospital) started from February 18th to the end of July 2009. A purposive sample of (80) mothers who company their children were selected. The data were collected through a constructed questionnaire, with two parts; the first part is concerned with<
The quality of drinking water is considered among the most urgent issues worldwide nowadays. Ensuring safe water for human consumption remains the highest priority, while challenges also persist in meeting the water quality needs for industrial and agricultural uses. Most of the relevant studies lack accuracy in assessing water quality. Therefore, this study aims to forecast the quality of drinking water along the Tigris River in Iraq following a new approach. A developed forecasting model that utilizes the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) was deployed. The heuristic optimization tool was utilized for the prediction of the water quality index (WQI) in the research area. Out of twelve water stations, 575 samples were gather
For many years controlled shot peening was considered as a surface treatment. It is now clear that the performance of control shot peening in terms of fatigue depends on the balance between its beneficial (compressive residual stress and work hardening) and beneficial effects (surface hardening).
The overall aim of this paper is to study the effects of aggressive shot peening on fatigue life of 7075 – T6 aluminum alloy. The fatigue life reduction factor (LRF) due to the aggressive shot peening was established and empirical relations were proposed to describe the behavior of LRF, roughness and fatigue life. The benefits of shot peering in terms of fatigue life are dependent on the shot peening time (SPT).
Recent developments in two main phases of cumulus cloud studies are discussed; first
the relations between the clouds and their energy sources in the subcloud layer and second,
the interaction between the clouds and their environment in the cloud layer. Under the
first heading, the various originating impulses for cumulus formation are mentionitd. and
how the character of this impulse affects the spacing, scale and temperature structure of
the clouds. The possible origins of trade cumuli are considered.
