Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
Sesame crop, one of the very important oily, industrial, and summer crops that is economically important, has been investigated. The plantation and production of this crop has been studied in Al-Qadisiyah governorate during 2003-218. This is because this governorate is well-known by sesame plantation. Such a study helps to know the geographical distribution of sesame agricultural season in 2017-2018, and explore the most important natural factors that affect its plantation. Different research approaches have been adopted based on that facts that need to be met. A field study approach has been used in studying sesame crop descriptively and conceptually, shedding light on its nutritional and economic importance. Moreover, a descriptive com
The researcher focused on the importance of the physical abilities of the tennis game, as this game is one of the games that are characterized by its specificity in performance as this game is characterized by continuous movement and dealing with different elements, so this game requires the development of muscle strength, which plays an important role in Performance skills in the game of tennis. There are several methods to develop strength, including flat hierarchical technique, which is one of the most common forms of training in the development of muscle strength.
As for the research problem, the researcher found a method that has an effect on the development of force. Therefore, the researcher tried to diversify a
The technical of Flame Thermal Spray had been used in producing a cermet composite based on powders of stabilized zirconium oxide containing amount of Yatteria oxide (ZrO2- 8Y2O3) reiforced by minerals powders of bonding material (Ni-Cr- Al- Y) in different rates of additions (25, 35, 50) on stainless steel base type (304) after preparing it by the way of Grit Blasting. Before heat treatment, the coated cermet layers were characterized for porosity and electric resistivity. All samples were heat treated in vacuum furnace at different temperature and times. The physical tests had been operated after heat treatment and gave best results especially porosity, which found to be reduced dramatically and producing hig
(Cu1-x,Agx)2ZnSnSe4 alloys have been fabricated with different Ag content(x=0, 0.1, and
0.2) successfully from their elements. Thin films of these alloys have been deposited on
coring glass substrate at room temperature by thermal evaporation technique under
vacuum of 10-5Torr with thickness of 800nm and deposition rate of 0.53 nm/sec. Later,
films have been annealed in vacuum at (373, and 473)K, for one hour. The crystal
structure of fabricated alloys and as deposited thin films had been examined by XRD
analysis, which confirms the formation of tetragonal phase in [112] direction, and no
secondary phases are founded. The shifting of main polycrystalline peak (112) to lower
Bragg’s angle as compared to Cu2ZnSnSe4 angle refers to incorpora
This research aims to identify the impact of the selective model in acquiring the concepts of Kurdish grammar among female students in the eighth grade, and to achieve the goal of research, the researcher selected the experimental design with partial control and dimensional testing; the sample includes basic schools in the Chim district of Chamal/ Sulaymaniyah and randomly selected the basic school (Maha Bad) to be the field of application of the experiment and the random drawing method was chosen: two out of three sections and the number of students of the two sections is (75) students; section (C) represents the experimental group that studied the rules according to the selective model and its number is (37) students, while secti
The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for
The effect of approaching nozzle jet from the deposition surface on structural, optical and morphology properties of copper oxide thin films was studied. The film was prepared by homemade fully computerized CNC spray pyrolysis deposition technique at preparations speed (3, 4, 5, and 6 mm/sec). The repeated line mode was used at deposition temperature equal 450 °C whereas the spraying time was in the range of (15-30 min) according to the deposition speed. The film exhibit polycrystalline structure with preferred orientation along (-111), (022) and (011), (002) at a 2θ value of (35.63o) and (38.8o) respectively. Optical band gaps were recorded at these speed shows variance in value from (1.53-2.08 eV). Fi
The research work was conducted to investigate the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of turmeric at doses of (5, 10) mg/kg body weight for two weeks daily by determining the genotoxic effect (mitotic index), evaluation of immunological effect (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4) and measuring fertility hormones (follicles stimulation hormone/FSH, lutenising hormone/LH) levels with histological examinations of female albino swiss mice ovaries in comparison with control (normal saline). A clear effect in increasing mitotic activity was reveled for both doses in comparison with control. Results also showed a significant increase in the value of all immunological parameters at both doses, in comparison with control. Also, obvious rais