This study presents a histological comparison of the esophagus between squirrels and mongooses, illustrating herbivorous and carnivorous dietary adaptations, respectively. Histological sections were examined from both species to compare the tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. Esophageal samples were collected from adult specimens that were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome, then examined microscopically. Results revealed that squirrels exhibited a thick wall with non-keratinized epithelium and fully striated muscularis, reflecting a plant-based diet. In contrast, mongooses displayed regional variation in wall thickness and thinner mucosa in the upper third and a transition from striated to smooth muscle along the esophagus that suited their diet. Vascularization in the submucosa also differed significantly between species. These findings enhance the understanding of the relationship between esophageal histology and feeding ecology in these mammals and contribute to broader knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of the digestive system in response to dietary specialization.
At a temperature of 300 K, a prepared thin film of Ag doped with different ratios of CdO (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) % were observed using pulse laser deposition (PLD). The laser, an Nd:YAG in ?=1064 nm, used a pulse, constant energy of 600 mJ ,with a repetition rate of 6 Hz and 400 pulses. The effect of CdO on the structural and optical properties of these films was studied. The structural tests showed that these films are of a polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation in the (002) direction for Ag. The grain size is positively correlated with the concentration of CdO. The optical properties of the Ag :CdO thin film we observed included transmittance, absorption coefficient, and the energy gap in the wavelength range of 300-1100
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Concentrated research topic in addressing variable vital to the work of offices of inspectors general, construction and scale effectiveness and efficiency is the organizational structure, which are important as is obvious to any researcher in the management and organization and this variable would affect the exercise task supervision and inspection of financial and administrative corruption and combat efficiently, Thus this effect will be placed in the fold ability to achieve goals. That the creation of the organizational structure and requirements to achieve harmony between its properties is creating step towards success. This research aims to analyze the characteristics and style o
South Sudan is known by its tribal and racial variation .Tribal Perception represents the
procedure of dealings in Southern society .And that what make Sudan as a stable country that
suffer from divisions . Everybody wants to rule in spite of his inability and un qualification
which enables the establishment of an urbanized country .the frustration of the state in
handling the interior variety on religious, tribal and racial basis and contracting national
ideality in spared by shared ingredients between gathered groups in one state, all these reasons
make it hard to create a united national identity which is able to unite atheist and religious
parties together. Due to this ,the study is established to clarify the nat
This paper proposes a new structure of the hybrid neural controller based on the identification model for nonlinear systems. The goal of this work is to employ the structure of the Modified Elman Neural Network (MENN) model into the NARMA-L2 structure instead of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model in order to construct a new hybrid neural structure that can be used as an identifier model and a nonlinear controller for the SISO linear or nonlinear systems. Weight parameters of the hybrid neural structure with its serial-parallel configuration are adapted by using the Back propagation learning algorithm. The ability of the proposed hybrid neural structure for nonlinear system has achieved a fast learning with minimum number
... Show MoreCuO nanoparticles were synthesized in two different ways, firstly by precipitation method using copper acetate monohydrate Cu(CO2CH13)2·H2O, glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH), and secondly by sol-gel method using copper chloride(CuCl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethanol (C2H6O). Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that different CuO nanostructures (spherical and Reef) can be formed using precipitation and sol- gel process, respectively, at which the particle size was found to be less than 2 µm. X-ray diffraction (XRD)manifested that the pure synthesized powder has no inclusions that may exist during preparations. XRD result
... Show MoreRecently, environmental noise has arisen from various sources, such as those from exhaust mufflers of combustion engines found in cars, trucks, or power generators, which produce significant noise during their operation. Controlling the radiated noise from these mufflers is a major factor in improving acoustic comfort and minimizing the impact on the surrounding communities. Numerous research has been presented for this reason by modification of the internal structure of the exhaust muffler. The main objective of this work is to reduce the noise level emitted from exhaust mufflers. This can be achieved by adjusting structure parameters to attenuate the surrounding environment's radiated noise. Analysis of pressure-wave propagation h
... Show MoreBuilding natural period, T, is a key character in building response for wind and seismic induced forces. In design practice, the period, T, is either estimated from empirical relations proposed by the design codes or determined from analytical or numerical models. The effect of the soil-structure interaction is usually neglected in the design practice and analysis models. This paper uses a sophisticated finite element simulation to investigate the effect of soil-structure modeling on the fundamental period of RC buildings subjected to wind and seismic induced forces. A typical interior building frame has been imitated using the frame element for beams and columns with constrains to mo
Over the last few decades the mean field approach using selfconsistent
Haretree-Fock (HF) calculations with Skyrme effective
interactions have been found very satisfactory in reproducing
nuclear properties for both stable and unstable nuclei. They are
based on effective energy-density functional, often formulated in
terms of effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interactions.
In the present research, the SkM, SkM*, SI, SIII, SIV, T3, SLy4,
Skxs15, Skxs20 and Skxs25 Skyrme parameterizations have been
used within HF method to investigate some static and dynamic
nuclear ground state proprieties of 84-108Mo isotopes. In particular,
the binding energy, proton, neutron, mass and charge densities
KE Sharquie, JR Al-Rawi, AA Noaimi, MM Jabir, Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009