The recent advances in technology, the increased dependence on electrical energy and the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) were all factors in the increased need for smart, efficient and reliable energy systems. This introduced the concept of the Smart Grid (SG). A SG is a potential replacement for older power grids, capable of adapting and distributing energy based on demand. SG systems are complex. They combine various components and have high requirements for real time reliable operation. This paper attempts to provide an overview of SG systems, by outlining SG architecture and various components. It also introduces communication technologies, integration and network management tools that are involved in SG sys

One of the goals of adding adjuvants to agricultural spray solutions is to enhance the droplet size characteristics of this spray. Droplet size, in turn, has an influence in the deposited spray quality, in addition to the drift and losses of spray to off-target places. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding adjuvants to two types of water from different sources on the droplet size characteristics. Two types of adjuvants were employed in the tests: the active substance content of the first adjuvant was a 50% aqueous solution of sodium salt of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid—10% (HY), whereas the second was from rapeseed oil (natural origin)—85% (OL). Both adjuvants were tested in two concentrations: the first was

This study aimed to identify the effect of resistance training on the biomechanics and accuracy of serve receiving skills in volleyball. The research community was composed of 26 young volleyball players of Baghdad volleyball clubs. A total of 4 players were selected for the preliminary experiment, while 14 participants were recruited as the main sample for the study. In the present study, a set of resistance exercises were designed by the researchers for the volleyball players of the sample. Exercises were performed by the sample participants during the course of study. The biomechanical variables considered in the present study were: Preparation moment (shoulder joint angle, hip angle, knee joint angle), moment of pr

Exploring the B-Spline Transform for Estimating Lévy Process Parameters: Applications in Finance and Biomodeling Exploring the B-Spline Transform for Estimating Lévy Process Parameters: Applications in Finance and Biomodeling Letters in Biomathematics · Jul 7, 2025Letters in Biomathematics · Jul 7, 2025 Show publication This paper, presents the application of the B-spline transform as an effective and precise technique for estimating key parameters i.e., drift, volatility, and jump intensity for Lévy processes. Lévy processes are powerful tools for representing phenomena with continuous trends with abrupt changes. The proposed approach is validated through a simulated biological case study on animal migration in which movements are mo

Ubikh is one of the most important tribes of the Northwest Caucasus and has a long history. Naturally, rebukes are an integral part of the Caucasus region. Their people were able to confront the Russian invasion of their lands like the rest of the Caucasus tribes to defend their existence, freedom and the right to build their independent state, but they were not able to resist the great Russian military progress they achieved on all sides. For the territory that belonged to Persia and the Ottoman Empire and ended the resistance of the Meridian movement in the Northeast Caucasus, the Russians left only the weak resistance of the tribes of the Northwest Caucasus led by the rebuke after Russia managed to eliminate all resistance movements i

      The Green Productivity topic is considered as one of  the more conceptual novelty in the field of Production and Operations Management, and one of the least topics addressed in the literature competent, Green Productivity (GP) is a strategy for enhancing a business's Productivity and environmental performance at the same time, for overall socio - economic development, It is  the application of appropriate techniques , technologies , and management systems to produce environmentally compatible goods and services. the research aimed to find the contribution of this concept for success the industrial Organizations.

The research aims to determine the role of Entrepreneur decision-making in its dimensions in improving the activities of Ambidexterity performance in its dimensions in the researched company. The importance of the research is also evidenced by assisting the oil products distribution company/session in directing the interest of the researched company because it has a prominent role in the Iraqi industrial community for the Entrepreneur decision-making variable that Contributes to building sustainable competitive advantage. This will happen when the company has an Entrepreneur orientation and a good strategic plan is built by the smart leaders in the researched company The researcher adopted the method of the analyti

The increase in obesity and the many accompanying diseases is attributed to the increased production and consumption of foods made of non-nutritive sweeteners without regard to the risks of consuming additional calories, and this in turn leads to hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders and the resulting imbalance and ill health that have spread to all segments of society. During the research, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 % of stevia sweetener was added to the cream instead of the sugar used. Physical and chemical tests were performed for the stevia extract and the microbial content in the cream, as well as the sensory evaluation. It was noted that fortifying the cream with calorie-free stevia sugar led to the production of

تقدمت احداث النصف الاخير من القرن الماضي من تاريخ العالم الاقتصادي صور كثيرة من التكتلات والاليات التعاونية والتشاركية القائمة على مصادر مختلفة للتجمع الاقتصادي من اهمها شكل الشراكات التجارية والاقتصادية ولها امثلة كثيرة على المستوى الاقتصادي الدولي ومنها الشراكة الاورومتوسطية التي تمثل منطقة حيوية في حسابات التبادل الدولي تجاريا وراسماليا ولكن هذا التشكيل التكتلي يحتاج الى وقفه تخص