In this paper, we designed a new efficient stream cipher cryptosystem that depend on a chaotic map to encrypt (decrypt) different types of digital images. The designed encryption system passed all basic efficiency criteria (like Randomness, MSE, PSNR, Histogram Analysis, and Key Space) that were applied to the key extracted from the random generator as well as to the digital images after completing the encryption process.

In this work, N-hydroxy phthalimide derivatives (NHPID) were synthesized from the nucleuphilic substitution reactions of (NHPI) with different halides (alkyl halides, sulfonyl halides, benzoyl halides and benzyl halides). The products were distinguished using FTIR spectrum and Nuclear magnetic resonsnce (1H-NMR and 13CNMR), in addition to other characteristic methods such as sodium fution for sulfur determination. followed by measuring antibacterial (with different types of gram positive/gram negative bacteria) and antifungal activities of these compounds.

Astragalus mesogitanus is a new recorded species for Iraqi flora, from Onobrychium genus section, was collected from Erbil district, all morphological features were described in details as well as some micromorphological character as the trichomes and were provided with dimensions and plates, section key was also updated which illustrated the importance of standard (corolla) trichomes in species identification. Keywords: Astragalus, Fabaceae, Iraq, New record, Onobrychium, Trichomes.

As a result of recent developments in highway research as well as the increased use of vehicles, there has been a significant interest paid to the most current, effective, and precise Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In the field of computer vision or digital image processing, the identification of specific objects in an image plays a crucial role in the creation of a comprehensive image. There is a challenge associated with Vehicle License Plate Recognition (VLPR) because of the variation in viewpoints, multiple formats, and non-uniform lighting conditions at the time of acquisition of the image, shape, and color, in addition, the difficulties like poor image resolution, blurry image, poor lighting, and low contrast, these

The present study was designed to synthesize a number of new Ceftriaxone derivatives by its involvement with a series of different amines, through the chemical derivatization of its 2-aminothiazolyl- group into an amide with chloroacetyl chloride, which on further conjugation with these selected amines will produce compounds with pharmacological effects that may extend the antimicrobial activity of the parent compound depending on the nature of these moieties.

Ceftriaxone was first equipped with a spacer arm (linker) by the action of chloroacetyl chloride in aqueous medium and then further reacted with seven different aliphatic and aromatic amines which resulted in the production of the aimed final target products. The syntheses

    Morphological and phonological studies of fungal pathogen infecting alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) indicating that infection has been shown to develop along two distinct physiological lines, each culminating in the production of either conidial or resting spores, in host cadavers which are morphologically distinct. The percent of infection and epizootic development appeared to be dependent on host density. Farther evidence to entail proper correlation between conidia and resting spores suggest that these two forms of spores are stages in the development of one pathogen.

Todays, World is faced an energy crisis because of a continuous increasing the consumption of fuels due to intension demand for all types of vehicles. This study is one of the efforts dealing with reduce the weight of vehicles by using a new material of sandwich steel, which consists of two skin steel sheets with core of a polymer material. Resistance spot welding (RSW) can be easily implemented on metals; however a cupper shunt tool was designed to perform the resistance welding of sandwich steel with DP800 cover sheets to resolve a non-conductivity problem of a polymer core. Numerical simulations with SORPAS^®3D were employed to test the weldability of this new material and supported by many practical experiments. In conclus

n this work, a series of new nucleoside analogues (β-glucose liked to pyrazoline moiety) was synthesized. In the beginning, chalcone [1-3] was formed from the reaction of acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Pyrazolines [4-6] were obtained from the reaction of the prepared chalcones and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of ethanol absolute. These pyrazolines were treated with β-glucose pentaacetate to afford a series of desirable protected nucleoside analogues [8-10]. After that hydrolysis of protected nuclioside analogues in sodium methoxide gave free nucleoside analogues [11-13]. These new formed compounds were diagnosed by 13C-NMR and 1H- NMR for some of them and FT-IR spectroscopy.

The present work included morphological, anatomical, and palynological
characters for the new species Acaalypha australis L. specimens, which belong to
the family Euphorbiaceae. The species recorded in the study for the first time in
Iraq. The plants of this species are annual herbs with green, striated or sub –
polygonal stem, and branched near bases, Leaves are simple spirally alternate and
lanceolate in shape. Flowers are unisexual, arranged in the axial of distinct leafy and
cordate bracts, female flower arranged at the bracts bases and each flower with
trileafed perianth and superior ovary with trilobed stylar stigma which has dense and
coiled stigmatic hairs. Male flowers are arranged as a mixed verticella