Relation on a set is a simple mathematical model to which many real-life data can be connected. A binary relation on a set can always be represented by a digraph. Topology on a set can be generated by binary relations on the set . In this direction, the study will consider different classical categories of topological spaces whose topology is defined by the binary relations adjacency and reachability on the vertex set of a directed graph. This paper analyses some properties of these topologies and studies the properties of closure and interior of the vertex set of subgraphs of a digraph. Further, some applications of topology generated by digraphs in the study of biological systems are cited.
Water pollution is one of the global challenges that the society must address in the 21st century aiming to improve the water quality, reduce human pollutants and ecosystem health impacts. In phytotoxicity test, the plant of Iresine herbstii was exposed to remove nickel from simulated wastewater using two different ratios (mass of plant to the mass of nickel) (,Rp/Ni) for 21 days with sub-surface batch system. During the exposure period, the removal of Ni concentrations (2, 5 and 10 mg/L) for two mass ratio (2,800 and 34,000) were (83.6%, 77.2%, 78.0%) and (86.8%, 97% and 95.6%), respectively. final result of the rate was found that the highest removal occurred, 97%, at a mass ratio of 34,000 and
... Show MoreIn the present research, the chemical washing method has been selected using three chelating agents: citric acid, acetic acid and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) to remove 137Cs from two different contaminated soil samples were classified as fine and coarse grained. The factors that affecting removal efficiency such as type of soil, mixing ratio and molarity have been investigated. The results revealed that no correlation relation was found between removal efficiency and the studied factors. The results also showed that conventional chemical washing method was not effective in removing 137Cs and that there are further studies still need to achieve this objective.
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) was one of the first drugs synthesized for a specific chemotherapeutic purpose used to inhibit folic acid (FA) for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Its history is closely related to the discovery and characterization of folic acid. It is used clinically in medicine to treat a range of cancerous and noncancerous conditions. MTX is currently used in gynecology to treat disorders arising from trophoblastic tissue, namely, ectopic pregnancy. MTX, the most frequently used diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD), suppresses disease activity and reduces joint damage. The aim of study: It is designed to demonstrate the effect of MTX (7.5 mg/wk.) on the histogenesis of gonad (testis) of n
... Show MoreThis paper attempted to study the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) on delamination phenomena during the drilling glass-polyester composites. Drilling process was done by CNC machine with 10 mm diameter of high-speed steel (HSS) drill bit. Taguchi technique with L16 orthogonal layout was used to analyze the effective parameters on delamination factor. The optimal experiment was no. 13 with spindle speed 1273 rpm and feed 0.05 mm/rev with minimum delamination factor 1.28. &
... Show MoreThe action of high repeated trucks load associated with dramatically elevated ambient temperatures leads to the most harmful distress in asphalt pavements occurred in Iraq known as rutting. Essentially, it is produced from the accumulation of irrecoverable strains, which mainly occurred in the asphalt layers. That visually demonstrated as a longitudinal depression in the wheel paths as well as small upheavals to the sides. Poly Phosphoric Acid (PPA) has been used as a means of producing modified asphalt binders and the interest to use it has increased in recent years. The PPA provides modified asphalt binder, which is relatively cheaply produced compared to polymer-modified asphalt. In this paper, PPA was used by three-percentages 1
... Show MorePain is a sensory and emotional experience that is influenced by physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, socio-cultural and behavioral factors. Postoperative pain is the commonest reason for delayed discharge and unanticipated hospital admission after ambulatory surgery. Our Objective is to test the hypothesis that administration of 2 ml/kg/hr preoperative IV fluids may attenuates postoperative pain.The study was carried out in the Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Al-Yarmok Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospital from 12 May till 17 June 2009. The total number of patients was 120 (35 males and 85 females) with their age ranged between 10-90 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to administration of preop
... Show More: Cervical cancer representsone of the possibly preventable cancer. The study was designed to find the possible correlation of Tafazzin on the progression of cervical carcinoma. Two groups of paraffinized blocks were included. The study group of 30 cervical tumors as well as 15 biopsies of healthy cervical tissues. After sectioning on a positive charge, immunohistochemical application (IHC) was performed to detect Tafazzin expression. Nighnty percentage (27 out of 30) of the studies group showed positive overexpression as shown in with a significant association of the expression with cervical cancer with a significant association. There is a possible role of TAZ in hastening the development of cervical cancer through different mechanisms. F
... Show MoreThe issue, the existence of God Almighty, and the creativity of the universes including the whale, and assets and how diversified, and faith in him and his lordship and divinity, is a delicate issue, and very important and dangerous, and it occupied human thought old and new, and still occupy it until God takes the land and on it. Many complex issues of thought, behavior, and ethics have resulted in the belief of many communities in the existence of the Almighty, having ruled their minds, depicting their beliefs and distancing their thoughts about slippage and abuse. When they looked at the wonders of creatures and the minutes of the assets, they thought about the planetary and astronomical motion systems. His existence was denied by ath
... Show MoreThe current study was conducted to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) on the liver tissue of adult male white mouse, Mus musculus at concentrations (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) and for (30) days.(30) mice were used, divided into three groups of (10) mice, represented by control group, group of (50) mg/kg/day and (100) mg/kg/day. Histopathological changes appeared in the liver of male mice treated with zinc in concentration (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 30 days, including deformation and damage to Glisson's capsule, epithelial separation of capsule, in addition to cellular changes represented by hypertrophy of hepatocytes, as seen a swelling necrosis, hypertrophy of nuclei, thickening and degeneration in some hepatocytes, as well as the observed scatte
... Show MoreThis research studyies the effect of MgO and ZrO2 as additives in sintering Al2O3 . The experimental results are modeled using ( L2 _ regression) technique , sintered density and grain size rate measurments were accounted by utilizing experimental results of undoped , MgO doped and ZrO2 doped alumina impregrated with spherical large pores in final stage of sintering . The effect of each additive is inhibitian of the grain growth and increasing the densification rate which enhances the kinietics of densification and the removal of large and small pores.