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Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon
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Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking for the dream of a better financially independent life, stray from large corporations and organizations to form startups and small businesses. Recently, the increasing demand for employees or institutes to prepare and manage contracts, papers, and the verifications process, in addition to human mistakes led to the emergence of a smart contract. The smart contract has been developed to save time and provide more confidence while dealing, as well as to cover the security aspects of digital management and to solve negotiation concerns. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. In this paper, a simple prototype has been implemented for the smart contract integrated with blockchain which is simulated in a local server with a set of nodes. Several security objectives, such as confidentiality, authorization, integrity, and non-repudiation, have been achieved in the proposed system. Besides, the paper discussed the importance of using the Blockchain technique, and how it contributed to the management of transactions in addition to how it was implemented in highly transparent real-estate scenarios. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. The elliptic-curve public key has been adopted as an alternative for the RSA in a signature generation/verification process and encryption protocol. For secure transactions, The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) also has been adopted as a secure layer in the web browser. The results have been investigated and evaluated from different aspects and the implementation was in a restricted environment. Experiments showed us the complexity of time and cost when using the (ECC) algorithm and using (RSA) algorithm depending on the size and length of the key. So if the size of the key in (ECC) equals (160) bits, and it corresponds to (1024) bits in (RSA), which is equivalent to 40% for (ECC) and 30% for (RSA). As a result, the (ECC) algorithm is complex, its key is smaller and the process of generating the key is faster, so it has achieved a high level of security.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
New algorithms to Enhanced Fused Images from Auto-Focus Images
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Enhancing quality image fusion was proposed using new algorithms in auto-focus image fusion. The first algorithm is based on determining the standard deviation to combine two images. The second algorithm concentrates on the contrast at edge points and correlation method as the criteria parameter for the resulted image quality. This algorithm considers three blocks with different sizes at the homogenous region and moves it 10 pixels within the same homogenous region. These blocks examine the statistical properties of the block and decide automatically the next step. The resulted combined image is better in the contras

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of University Of Babylon For Engineering Sciences
Introduction to Methods for Simulating Urban Heat Islands: Subject Review
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Urbanization led to significant changes in the properties of the land surface. That appends additional heat loads at the city, which threaten comfort and health of people. There is unclear understanding represent of the relationship between climate indicators and the features of the early virtual urban design. The research focused on simulation capability, and the affect in urban microclimate. It is assumed that the adoption of certain scenarios and strategies to mitigate the intensity of the UHI leads to the improvement of the local climate and reduce the impact of global warming. The aim is to show on the UHI methods simulation and the programs that supporting simulation and mitigate the effect UHI. UHI reviewed has been conducted the for

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using Resource Consumption Accounting to determine Customer Cost of Banks
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The Purpose of this Research show gap between a Normal Cost System and Resource consumption Accounting Applied in AL-Rafidin Bank.

The Research explores that, how the idle capacity can be determined under resource consumption accounting, discuss the possibility of employing these energies. Research also viewed how costs can be separated into Committee and Attribute. Resource Consumption Accounting assists managers in pricing services or products based on what these services or products use from each Source.

This Research has been proven

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Networks And Systems
Using Machine Learning to Control Congestion in SDN: A Review
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
Sumer 2
Response of Three Citrus Rootstocks to Organic and Biological Fertilizers
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This study was conducted in a lath house, Dept of Hort. and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. During the 2021 growing season, Baghdad will investigate the influence of organic and Biological fertilizers on three Citrus rootstocks' growth and leaf mineral content. The first factor is the addition of liquid organic fertilizers Vit-Org (O) at three levels without addition (O0), soil addition at 10 ml.L-1 (O10) and soil addition at 20 ml.L-1 (O20). The second factor is the addition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria without addition (N1), add 30 ml.Transplant-1 of Azotobacter chroococcum (N2) and add 30 ml.Transplant-1 of Azospirillum brasilemse (N3). The third factor is three citrus rootstocks: sour orange (R1), R

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Networks And Systems
Using Artificial Intelligence and Metaverse Techniques to Reduce Earning Management
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This study aims to demonstrate the role of artificial intelligence and metaverse techniques, mainly logistical Regression, in reducing earnings management in Iraqi private banks. Synthetic intelligence approaches have shown the capability to detect irregularities in financial statements and mitigate the practice of earnings management. In contrast, many privately owned banks in Iraq historically relied on manual processes involving pen and paper for recording and posting financial information in their accounting records. However, the banking sector in Iraq has undergone technological advancements, leading to the Automation of most banking operations. Conventional audit techniques have become outdated due to factors such as the accuracy of d

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Numerical Investigation Using Harmonic and Transient Analysis To Rotor Dynamics
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The rotor dynamics generally deals with vibration of rotating structures. For designing rotors of a high speeds, basically its important to take into account the rotor dynamics characteristics. The modeling features for rotor and bearings support flexibility are described in this paper, by taking these characteristics of rotor dynamics features into standard Finite Element Approach (FEA) model. Transient and harmonic analysis procedures have been found by ANSYS, the idea has been presented to deal with critical speed calculation. This papers shows how elements BEAM188 and COMBI214 are used to represent the shaft and bearings, the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of journal bearings as a matrices have been found

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Infants’ Obesity and Overweight in Relation to Type of Feeding
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Abstract Objective (s): To identify the prevalence of obesity and overweight in infants and children less than 2 years of age and its relationship with type of feeding in a sample of children attending Al- Kadhymia primary health care center. Methodology: This study was a descriptive survey carried out in, the primary health care centre of Al-Kadhymia town in Baghdad during the period from 5th of July 2009-1st of May 2010. Sample was chosen by non probability convenience sampling and it included 744 infant and children. Data were gathered by a combination of a structured questionnaire and measurements o

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Mineral Inversion Approach to Improve Ahdeb Oil Field's Mineral Classification
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Knowledge of the mineralogical composition of a petroleum reservoir's formation is crucial for the petrophysical evaluation of the reservoir. The Mishrif formation, which is prevalent in the Middle East, is renowned for its mineralogical complexity. Multi-mineral inversion, which combines multiple logs and inversions for multiple minerals at once, can make it easier to figure out what minerals are in the Mishrif Formation. This method could help identify minerals better and give more information about the minerals that make up the formation. In this study, an error model is used to find a link between the measurements of the tools and the petrophysical parameters. An error minimization procedure is subsequently applied to determine

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 1996
Journal Name
Unpublished
Temporomandibular disorders in pretreatment orthodontic patients as related to malocclusion
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Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were investigated in 143 pretreatment orthodontic patients (43 males and 102 females) whose age ranged between 10-25 years at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The study was undertaken to elucidate the prevalence and severity of TMDs in malocclusion patients and to defme the relationships between malocclusion and TMDs. The clinical signs and subjective symptoms were recorded according to the principles introduced by Helkimo (1974b). Subjective symptoms were reported by 65.7% of the patients with 22.40/0 described as severe, and the most common symptoms were TMJ sounds and feeling offatigue. Clinical signs were observed in 81.8% of the sample with 22.4 and 6.3% described as moderate and

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