A freshwater bivalve plays a crucial function in aquatic habitats as the filtered water and burrowing mussels mix the sediment, thus increasing oxygen content and making the ecosystem healthier. The aim of the study is to see how chlorpyrifos affects biochemical markers in freshwater mussel Unio tigridis. About 180 individuals per taxon and water samples were collected from the Qandil water resource on the Greater Zab River, Erbil Province, Iraq. Once arrived at the lab, the individuals were kept in aquaria with river water and an air-conditioned room Temperature: 25±2 and Light: 12h/12h and acclimatized to laboratory conditions for seven days in aged tap water. The mussel's identification molecularly and the DNA sequence of the mussel includes U. tigridis supplied gene bank accession number ON872361, ON872362, ON872363, and ON872364 nucleotide sequencing. The 96-h toxicity of chlorpyrifos pesticide in the freshwater mussel U. tigridis was investigated using various nominal concentrations, including 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. The water quality of the river and aquaria was tested for physicochemical parameters including water temperature, the potential of hydrogen ion pH, electrical conductivity EC, and total dissolved solids TDS, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium ion, magnesium ion. Water quality results of aquaria revealed that most tested variables were favorable for the breeding of mussels. The mortality of the mussels was observed daily and the 96 h LC50 value for mussels was 157.99 ppm. Within the tissue of the gills, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The chlorpyrifos exposures caused significant increases in GST, CAT, and MDA. The elevation of oxidative stress biomarkers was inversely related to the AChE inhibition in the examined species. In conclusion water pollution by chlorpyrifos lead to unsafe condition for aquatic taxa.
Nowadays nanoparticles have widespread application in various industriesbecause of their special and unique features, there are many studies in sideeffects of nanomaterial. This study done by 40 white female mice withevery other day intraperitoneally injection of low and high doses of both ofZnO kg of body weight) and FeOnanoparticles (5 and 40 mg/kg). After a 15 days period, the mice weresacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormone analysis, andtissue samples for morphometric studies.Statistical Analysis shows significant differences in LH, Estrogen,Progesterone hormone levels between groups, while there are insignificantdifferences in Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level between thegroups compared with its level in
... Show MoreThe current research is concerned with methods of formation and their effect on the sintering process of ceramic materials. The research is divided into a number of chapters. The first chapter addressed the research structure (the research problem, importance, objective, limits, and it also defined the terms used in the research). The second chapter addressed the theoretical framework, where the theoretical framework has been divided into three sections. The first section dealt with methods of formation of ceramic materials including: Plasticizing method 2- semi-dry pressing method 3- dry pressing method 4- extrusion method 5- casting method.
The researcher found that there is a clear difference between the methods through her formati
تعد مراجعة النظير واحدة من الأســاليب الحديثة فــي مجال الرقابة والتدقيق ونشــأة كأداة لقياس مــدى فاعليــة الرقابــة علــى الجــودة هو لبنة أساسية في إدارة الجودة الشاملة ووسيلة لتحســين أدوات الرقابــة المعمول بها، وللتحقق من مدى الانسجام بين المعايير الدولية للأجهزة العليا للرقابة المالية والمحاسبة والاجراءات المعمول بها من قبل الاجهزة العليا للرقابة وعليه فأن مراجعة النظير أداة تستخدم ف
... Show MoreTotal Quality Assurance Concept have appeared in Higher Education Institutions as a result of the continuous criticism for the lower quality of the outputs of these institutions and their inappropriacy to the needs of the job market. The faculty, i.e. teaching staff member, is one of the most important output for his/her responsibility to achieve the stated goals in higher education. This represents a problem that may influence the construction of society which has to limit his tasks, responsibilities, and competencies that should be found in a faculty, and evaluating his teaching profession in light of the prerequisites of the century to become an input to achieve quality assurance in Higher Education. Therefore, the present study aims
... Show MoreThe current study shows the cytotoxicity effect of the Crassula ovata n-hexane extract on esophagus can¬cer. C. ovata is a perennial succulent plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. In Africa, the leaves were used medicinally to cure epilepsy and diarrhoea by boiling them in milk. The hexane fraction, which is obtained through the maceration method, demonstrates the presence of many compounds that have an anticancer effect, which are ob¬tained by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The phytosterol compound was isolated by a preparative thin layer chromato¬graph and was identified by liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The hexane fraction was found to possess a strong anticancer effect against esophagus cancer. The
... Show MoreWe study the physics of flow due to the interaction between a viscous dipole and boundaries that permit slip. This includes partial and free slip, and interactions near corners. The problem is investigated by using a two relaxation time lattice Boltzmann equation with moment-based boundary conditions. Navier-slip conditions, which involve gradients of the velocity, are formulated and applied locally. The implementation of free-slip conditions with the moment-based approach is discussed. Collision angles of 0°, 30°, and 45° are investigated. Stable simulations are shown for Reynolds numbers between 625 and 10 000 and various slip lengths. Vorticity generation on the wall is shown to be affected by slip length, angle of incidence,
... Show MoreDiabetes is a chronic disease which has reached pandemic proportions in a lot of countries of the world. In spite of the remarkable development in therapeutics chemistry, the usage of customary drugs is still a common practice for the treatment of diabetes. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on kidney functions in the experimentally-induced diabetes in male rabbits. Diabetes was experimentally introduced by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg BW). After three days of alloxan injection, samples were taken for the determination of glucose concentration. Serum glucose concentration of 200mg/ml was considered as an indication of animal diabetes. The experimental
... Show MoreThis paper deals with a mathematical model of a fluid flowing between two parallel plates in a porous medium under the influence of electromagnetic forces (EMF). The continuity, momentum, and energy equations were utilized to describe the flow. These equations were stated in their nondimensional forms and then processed numerically using the method of lines. Dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles were also investigated due to the impacts of assumed parameters in the relevant problem. Moreover, we investigated the effects of Reynolds number , Hartmann number M, magnetic Reynolds number , Prandtl number , Brinkman number , and Bouger number , beside those of new physical quantities (N , ). We solved this system b
... Show MoreThe proximate composition, mineral contents and the effects of sodium sulphate salts on emulsion capacity (EC) and stability (ES) of mushroom species M1 – Lentinus subnudus Berk, M2 – Chlorophyllum molybditis, M3 – Volvariella esculenta, M4 – Coprinus tramentarius, M5 – Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq, M6 – Termitomyces microcarpus, and M7 – Pleurotus pulmonarius obtained from Nigeria were investigated using standard methods for analyses. The mean of some of the results is: Crude protein: 9.1±0.15 -13.80±0.15%, Crude fibre: 4.15±0.02 – 7.08±0.59%, Na: 177±2.56 –
... Show MoreThe main objectives of this study were investigating the effects of the maximum size of coarse Attapulgite aggregate and micro steel fiber content on fresh and some mechanical properties of steel fibers reinforced lightweight self-compacting concrete (SFLWSCC). Two series of mixes were used depending on maximum aggregate size (12.5 and 19) mm, for each series three different steel fibers content were used (0.5 %, 1%, and 1.5%). To evaluate the fresh properties, tests of slump flow, T500 mm, V funnel time, and J ring were carried out. Tests of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, and calculated equilibrium density were done to evaluate mechanical properties. For reference mixes, the
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