The control of water represents the safe key for fair and optimal use to protect water resources due to human activities, including untreated wastewater, which is considered a carrier of a large number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance to E. coli in Tigris River by the presence of resistance genes for aminoglycoside(qepA( ,quinolone (gyrA), and sulfa drugs( dfr1 ,dfr17) due to the frequent use of antibiotics and their release into wastewater of hospitals. Samples were collected from three sites on Tigris River: S1( station wastewater in Adhamiya), S2 (station wastewater in Baghdad Medical city hospital), S3 (station wastewater in Abu Nuwas) from February-July 2021. Out of 67 isolates of bacteria, only 40 isolates of E. coli were detected by Vitek2. The antibiotic-resistance was estimated by the disk diffusion method. All E.coli isolates were tested against 6 antibiotics. The results showed the high resistance antibiotic of E. coli against Ceftazidime 70%, with intermediate resistance to Cefotaxime 47.5%, and low resistance to the sulfa drugs as Trimethoprim 27.5% and quinolones antibiotics as ciprofloxacin 17.5%, aminoglycosides as Amikacin and Gentamycin 5% and 7.5%. Moreover, the results revealed that gyrA gene was detected in 4 isolates (10%) while drf1 and drf17 genes were in 2 isolates of each gene (5%).Whereas qepA gene has not appeared in isolates. In conclusion, the isolates of E.coli from the Tigris River showed low resistance to sulfa drugs and quinolones , aminoglycosides. The resistance genes (gyrA,drf1,drf17) were detected in a few isolates which may be explained by the horizontal transfer of plasmids that carried genes and their distribution among the family Enterobacteriaceae.
The current research dealt with a vital subject contributing In success Iraqi Industrial Companies general and Iraqi Cement state company A market knowledge, It is one of the most important industrial companies that Which serve to fill the local market need Of cement without resorting to import, The problem of research was limited understanding of the importance of the role played market knowledge of the tendencies and desires of competitors, This in turn affects the company's ability to achieve competitive advantages,The research aims to know the extent of adoption Iraqi Cement state company Concept market knowledge And employment achieving Competitive advantage By removing them (Cost, and quality, and del
... Show MoreObjective: To identification environmental and psychological violence's components among collegians’ students of different stages, and gender throughout creating specific questionnaire, and estimating regression of environmental domain effect on psychological domain, as well as measuring powerful of the association contingency between violence's domains in admixed form with respondent characteristics, such that (Demographics, Economics, and Behaviors), and extracting model of estimates impact of studied domains in studying risks, and protective factors among collegians’ students in Baghdad city. Methodolog
Natural gas and oil are one of the mainstays of the global economy. However, many issues surround the pipelines that transport these resources, including aging infrastructure, environmental impacts, and vulnerability to sabotage operations. Such issues can result in leakages in these pipelines, requiring significant effort to detect and pinpoint their locations. The objective of this project is to develop and implement a method for detecting oil spills caused by leaking oil pipelines using aerial images captured by a drone equipped with a Raspberry Pi 4. Using the message queuing telemetry transport Internet of Things (MQTT IoT) protocol, the acquired images and the global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of the images' acquisition are
... Show MoreWheat straw was modified with malonic acid in order to get low cost adsorbent have a good ability to remove copper and ferric ions from aqueous solutions, chemical modification temperature was 120°C and the time was 12 h. Parameters that affect the adsorption experiments were studied and found the optimum pH were 6 and 5 for copper and iron respectively and the time interval was 120 min and the adsorbent mass was 0.1 g. The values for adsorption isotherms parameters were determined according to Langmuir [qmax were 54.64 and 61.7 mg/g while b values were 0.234 and 0.22 mg/l] , Freundlich [Kf were 16.07 and 18.89 mg/g and n were 2.77 and 3.16], Temkin [B were 0.063 and 0.074 j/mol and At were 0.143 and 1.658 l/g] and for Dubinin-Radushkev
... Show MoreStudy of Direct Marketing techniques and determining the scope of the suitability of each of them in the application in the Iraqi market - An analytical and explorative study for sample of views for wholesaler in Baghdad. The essential idea of the research is to go into the most important concepts which have been mentioned in the direct marketing and determining its current and most important techniques and knowing the scope of applying these techniques in Baghdad main markets (Karrada, Jamilah, shorja, Baya area, zeyouna and new Baghdad) and which of those techniques most applicable in these markets. The research took a sample of (100) wholesalers who practice the activities of selling nutritional items, auto and outs spare part
... Show Moreالبيئة في اللغة لها معانٍ متعددة ، والأصل من بؤاه أتخذه منزلا أو نزله ومكن له فيه أو هيأه له ، والمكان حل به وأقام .
قال تعالى :" واذكروا إذ جعلكم خلفاء من بعد عاد وبؤاكم في الأرض تتخذون من سهولها قصوراً وتنحتون الجبال بيوتاً فاذكروا آلاء الله ولا تعثوا في الأرض مفسدين" (1) .
والبيئة حال التبوء وهيئته . والبيئة والباءة والمباءة المنزل . ومنزل القوم حيث يتبوأون من قبل وادٍ أ
... Show MoreWatermarking operation can be defined as a process of embedding special wanted and reversible information in important secure files to protect the ownership or information of the wanted cover file based on the proposed singular value decomposition (SVD) watermark. The proposed method for digital watermark has very huge domain for constructing final number and this mean protecting watermark from conflict. The cover file is the important image need to be protected. A hidden watermark is a unique number extracted from the cover file by performing proposed related and successive operations, starting by dividing the original image into four various parts with unequal size. Each part of these four treated as a separate matrix and applying SVD
... Show MoreThe Internet makes the world like a small village. It has the ability to make groups of the same ideas, thoughts, and identity close to each other by gathering them in one place. It is a way to communicate and share information and opinion; shaping and sharing of comprising individuals with common interests and the participation of individuals in a fruitful dialogue results in achieving a set of goals promote ideas and mobilizing people about issues and events of common interests.
To address the relationship of the internet via interactive communication and its ability to achieve social capital and discuss issues and various social events, the study sees that the problem of the study could be formulated as follows:
Consid
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