In this study, the aqueous extract of (Typha domingensis Pers.) pollen grain (qurraid) to know its ability to manufacture silver nanoparticles. Qurraid is a semi-solid yellow food substance, sold in Basra markets and eaten by the local population. It is made from the pollen of the T. domingensis Pers. plant after being pressed and treated with water vapor. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reaction was done to identify the active compounds of qurraid aqueous extract. The ability of the aqueous extract of qurraid to manufacture silver nanoparticles was tested, and the construction of silver nanoparticles was inferred by the reaction mixture's color, which ranged from yellow to dark brown. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were described by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Then its anti-bacterial activity was estimated by the agar well diffusion method. The findings of the GC-MS analysis of the qurraid aqueous extract showed the major components with their ratio were: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural with RT% 13.6196, 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone 6.4285,. alpha.-L-lyxo-Hexopyranoside, methyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy- 4.264, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 3.2078, and 1,3-Methylene-d-arabitol 3.1257. The construction of silver nanoparticles was described by spectroscopic methods, where the highest peak was recorded at 400nm by UV-Vis spectrum, which indicates the silver spectrum. The mineral nature of AgNPs was confirmed by XRD analysis, in which the highest peaks were, 111, 300, and 330 were recorded. In addition, the qrdAgNPs nanoparticles were spherical with sizes ranging from 20-70nm. The results of the EDX confirmed that the chemical composition of AgNPs was silver. The ability of the AgNPs was tested against four bacterial species, three of which were Gram-negative Escherichia coli A1, Escherichia coli A2, Alcaligenes faecalis AL1, and the fourth was Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus zanthoxyli B1 , which were identified by traditional and molecular methods using 16SrRNA gene sequencing, antibacterial activity results of AgNPs showed that it increases with increasing of AgNPs concentration, and the most sensitive species to silver particles was Alcaligenes faecalis AL1bacteria.
In this work, seven soil samples were brought brought to study and analyses the element concentrations from different southern regions of Iraq using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. It has been documented as an atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) technique. Laser-induced plasma utilized to analyze elements in materials (gases, liquids, and solids). In order to analyze elements in materials (gases, liquids, and solid). The Nd: YAG laser excitation source at 1064 nm with pulse width 9 ns is used to generate power density of 5.5 x 1012 MW/mm2, with optical spectrum in the range 320-740 nm. From this investigation, the soil sample analysis of the southern cities of Iraqi, it is concluded that the rich soil element of P, Si,
... Show MoreBackground: Tooth eruption is a localized process in the jaws which exhibits precise timing and bilateral symmetry. Develop within the jaws and their eruption is a complex infancy process during which they move through bone to their functional positions within the oral cavity. For species with more than one set of teeth, eruption of the second set also accomplishes. The key to the successful clinical management of tooth eruption consists of understanding that this process consists largely of the local regulation of alveolar bone metabolism to produce bone resorption in the direction of eruption and shift and formation of bone at the opposite side.The amniotic sac contains a considerable quantity of stem cells. These amniotic stem cells are
... Show MoreIn this paper, we study and investigate the quark anti-quark interaction mechanism through the annihilation process. The production of photons in association with interaction quark and gluon in the annihilation process. We investigate the effect of critical temperature, strength coupling and photons energy in terms of the quantum chromodynamics model theory framework. We find that the use of large critical temperature Tc =134 allows us to dramatically increase the strength coupling of quarks interaction. Its sensitivity to decreasing in photons rate with respect to strength coupling estimates. We also discuss the effect of photons energy on the rate of the photon , such as energies in range (1.5 to 5 GeV).The photons rate increases
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This paper deals with a method called Statistical Energy Analysis that can be applied to the mechanical and acoustical systems like buildings, bridges and aircrafts …etc. S.E.A as a tool can be applied to the resonant systems in the circumstances of high frequency or/and complex structure». The parameters of S.E.A such as coupling loss factor, internal loss factor, modal density and input power are clarified in this work ; coupled plate sub-systems and explanations are presented for these parameters. The developed system is assumed to be resonant, conservative, linear and there is an equipartition of energy between all the resonant modes within a given frequency band in a given sub-system. The aim of th
... Show MoreThe maintenance of the diesel engine parts in any electric power station contains many problems that lead to stopping. Several reasons lead to such problems; these reasons should be analyzed and evaluated in order to eliminate their effects. This paper is based on evaluation of the main causes that lead to diesel engine injector failure as a main part of electric power stations, using fault tree analysis (FTA). The FTA is the most broadly utilized strategies in the industrial area to perform reliability analysis of complex designing frameworks. A fault tree is a logical representation of the relationship of basic events that lead to a given unwanted event (i.e., top event).
Starting with introducing the FTA and how it could be uti
... Show MoreThe civil engineering field currently focus on sustainable development. It is important to develop new sustainable and economic generations of concrete, using eco-friendly materials in the construction industry with a fair amount of costs and minimizing the impact upon the environment by reducing CO2 emissions from the cement industry as a whole while still obtaining high cement quality and strength. The main objective of this research is to clarify the mechanical behavior and ability to use Portland limestone cement in producing self compacted concrete, due to the beneficious effec of the limestone cement economically and enviromently. The research investigates the effect of using steel and polymer meshs as reinforcement, where the results
... Show MoreIn this study, genetic algorithm was used to predict the reaction kinetics of Iraqi heavy naphtha catalytic reforming process located in Al-Doura refinery in Baghdad. One-dimensional steady state model was derived to describe commercial catalytic reforming unit consisting of four catalytic reforming reactors in series process.
The experimental information (Reformate composition and output temperature) for each four reactors collected at different operating conditions was used to predict the parameters of the proposed kinetic model. The kinetic model involving 24 components, 1 to 11 carbon atoms for paraffins and 6 to 11 carbon atom for naphthenes and aromatics with 71 reactions. The pre-exponential Arrhenius constants and a
... Show MoreBackground: This study aimed to determine the cephalometric values of tetragon analysis on a sample of Iraqi adults with normal occlusion. Material and methods: Forty digital true lateral cephalometric radiographs belong to 20 males and 20 females having normal dental relation were analyzed using AutoCAD program 2009. Descriptive statistics and sample comparison with Fastlicht norms were obtained. Results: The results showed that maxillary and mandibular incisors were more proclined and the maxillary/mandibular planes angle was lower in Iraqi sample than Caucasian sample. Conclusion: It's recommended to use result from this study when using tetragon analysis for Iraqis to get more accurate result.
In this research was to use the method of classic dynamic programming (CDP) and the method of fuzzy dynamic programming (FDP) to controlling the inventory in N periods and only one substance ,in order to minimize the total cost and determining the required quantity in warehouse rusafa principal of the ministry of commerce . A comparison was made between the two techniques، We found that the value of fuzzy total cost is less than that the value of classic total cost
A water resources management for earthen canal/stream is introduced through creating a combination procedure between a field study and the scientific analytical concepts that distinguish the hydraulic problems on this type of stream with using the facilities that are available in HECRAS software; aiming to point the solutions of these problems. Al Mahawil stream is an earthen canal which is subjected to periodic changes in cross sections due to scour, deposition, and incorrect periodic dredging processes due to growth of the Ceratophyllum plants and weeds on the bed and banks of the stream; which affect the characteristics of the flow. This research aims to present a strategy of water resources management through a field study that conducte
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