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Phenol Content and Peroxidase Enzyme Activity in Soybean Infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines with the Application of Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32
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Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines (Xag) is a pathogen that causes pustule disease in soybeans. Many
techniques for controlling this disease have been widely developed, one of which is the use of biological agents.
Bacillus sp. from the soybean phyllosphere is a biological agent that has the potential to suppress the
development of pustule disease. One of the biological control mechanisms is through biochemical induction
of plant resistance which includes the accumulation of phenols, salicylic acid compounds, and peroxidase
enzymes. Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 are two bacteria isolated from the soybean
phyllosphere which have previously been known to suppress Xag through an antibiosis mechanism. This study
aimed to determine the potential of Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 in inducing soybean
resistance against Xag infection. This research was carried out in two stages, the induction of resistance to
soybean germination and an experiment in a greenhouse. This study consisted of 4 treatments and 5
replications, including P0 (Xag inoculation), P1 (Bacillus subtilis JB12 inoculation), P2 (Bacillus velezensis
ST32), and P3 (Bacillus subtilis JB12 + Bacillus velezensis ST32 inoculation). Observations were made on
the content of phenolic compounds, peroxidase enzyme activity, and the development of soybean pustule
disease. The results showed differences in phenol content and peroxidase activity at the two stages of the study.
Seed treatment with both isolates of Bacillus sp was able to increase the phenol content of soybean sprouts up
to 3 - 5 days after inoculation (dai). Phenol content then decreased and was followed by an increase in the
peroxidase activity up to 7 dai. The application of Xag and two isolates of Bacillus sp. in soybean plants caused
the phenol content to fluctuate and peroxidase activity to decrease. Bacillus subtilis JB12 in general played a
better role in increasing phenol content and peroxidase enzyme activity in soybean than Bacillus velezensis
ST32. The application of two isolates of Bacillus sp. was not able to prolong the incubation period and reduce
the severity of the pustule disease 14 days after inoculation.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
International Communications In Heat And Mass Transfer
Thermal behaviour of the flow boiling of a complex nanofluid in a rectangular channel: An experimental and numerical study
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of public relations in enhancing the quality of governmental service-a Field study in the Iraqi Airlines
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Abstract
        The research has discussed the public relations as dependent variable of its branch dimensions( confidence , commitment, control and satisfaction ) and the governmental service quality as independent variable of its branch dimensions (response, dependency, emphasis, tangibility and sympathy), and the research problem has represented by weakness of service quality presented to the customers dealing with company, which is observed via  field co-existence of the researcher, where he observe that the quality presented in the company services, are inappropriate with the customers expectations level, also there is weakness of attention and recognition by the

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Disease Patterns and outcomes of Neonatal Admissions at Raparin Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City
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Objectives: This study aims to determine the disease’s patterns and outcomes of admission among neonates hospitalized at the neonatal care unit in Erbil City, and using the findings as a baseline for neonate’s morbidity and mortality assessment in the future. Methodology: A retrospective study carried out at neonatal care unit of Raparin pediatric teaching hospital. An instrument for data collection developed by researcher included (age, gender, cause of admission, diagnosis and outcome upon discharge and causes of death). Content validity of the instrument was determined through the use of panel ex

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The ignorant poem and the body language: (The sieve of the Sikkhar sieve is a model)
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This study is marked by: The ignorant poem and body language
 Its main objective is to reveal the manifestations of this language in the text mentioned, and accordingly, the sieve poem has been read semantic (semantic) and hermeneutic, revealing the poet's ability to employ symbols and signals (body language) in the poem chosen for this purpose; The existence of such language in pre-Islamic poetry. After a long reflection and reading, the signs and symbols of the physical movement of the body, and its feminine and aesthetic manifestations were identified, and this was achieved through the use of modern critical methodologies that directly affect this language. The study consisted of an introduction and three topics, followed by t

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 21 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
An in vitro evaluation of fit of the crowns fabricated by zirconium oxide-based ceramic CAD/CAM systems, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles
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Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the vertical marginal fit of crowns fabricated with ZrO2 CAD/CAM, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles. Materials and Methods: An acrylic resin model of a left maxillary first molar was prepared and duplicated to have Nickel-Chromium master die. Ten die stone dies were sent to the CAD/CAM (Amann Girrbach) for crowns fabrication. Marginal gaps along vertical planes were measured at four indentations at the (mid mesial, mid distal, mid buccal, mid palatal) before (Time 0) and after porcelain firing cycles (Time 1) and after glaze cycles (Time 2) using a light microscope at a magnification of ×100. One way ANOVA LSD tests were performed to determine wh

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 02 2022
Journal Name
المجلة العراقية للمعلومات
Social Networking sites and their role in publishing Scientific knowledge
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The current research aims to highlight the role of social networking sites in the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the importance of their use by researchers, and the researcher relied on the descriptive approach and the survey method. Among the data collection tools are the questionnaire and paper and electronic sources. Among the most important results that the research came out with: The number of the subscribers’ sites was (14) sites, and the most used social sites for receiving and Disseminating Scientific knowledge are: Facebook, Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, Messenger and YouTube. All respondents receive tacit knowledge (Exchange of Messages and News) through social networking sites, and few of them do not receive explicit kn

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 17 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Visual Perception and Persuasion in Television Advertising An analytical study
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The picture has taken a place that sometimes enables it to take precedence over media analysis، psychology، and political communication.
The image has the ability to influence to obtain persuasion، not only emotionally or
dramatically، but also on the level of commercial and political persuasion. In every
image، the intention of that persuasion is hidden.
It can be identified by a set of underlying dimensions such as vitality، social dominance، and confidence، for which a group of specific suggestions or movements، such
as a smile، the movement of hands، or the nature and way of looking with the eyes، is
established. The visual image often precedes its verbal counterpart in the proce

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 11 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Comment moderation strategies in Canadian news media and their principles
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This paper offers a critical examination of Canadian news guidelines and policies
on user-generated content (UGC) posted on news-related comment sections and
social media.
The outline of how news-related UGC is moderated within Canadian news is achieved
by looking at the online comment policies of major Canadian news organizations like .
the CBC, CityNews (Halifax), CTV News, Glacier Media, Global News, The Globe
and Mail, Narcity Media, Postmedia, QUB (Québecor), and Torstar.The policies highlight how Canadian news organizations have practical strategies
to manage news-related UGC but also call upon positive and negative social
principles, to flag ill practices, foster democracy, and fight against online hate sp

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Modern sound systems and their work in contemporary feature film
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Perhaps going to watch movies in cinemas today has become different from what it was before. The cinematic film, the clarity of the image and the luster of its colors pulled the rug out from under the most important change that occurred in the structure of the contemporary cinematography, which is the sound. The surround sound environment that immerses viewers in the realism of sound that reaches them from all directions, and for this the researcher found it necessary to shed light on this topic because of its importance, so the research problem was represented in the following question: (How are modern sound systems used in the structure of contemporary feature films?) The theoretical framework included two topics: the first: the dialec

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 23 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Refused Derived Fuel RDF and its role in reducing production
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Refuse derived fuel (RDF) is considered one of the most important types of low cost thermal energy which can be tapped in the industry, especially the cement industry in particular being the need of high thermal energy during the production processes, and in this paper we have implemented the use of a derivative of the fuel RDF  as a substitute for gasoline , to reduce production costs and thereby achieve production efficiency, and the methodology used in this research statistical analysis as well as the use of the cost of kaizen target for the purpose of reducing costs and achieve production efficiency, and this has reduced the cost total cement production by which led to reduce total costs of cement production by 8.4% and an incre

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