Background: Few updated retrospective histopathological-based studies in Iraq evaluate a comprehensive spectrum of oro-maxillofacial lesions. Also, there was a need for a systematic way of categorizing the diseases and reporting results in codes according to the WHO classification that helps occupational health professionals in the clinical-epidemiological approach.

Objectives: to establish an electronic archiving database according to the ICD-10 that encompasses oro-maxillofacial lesions in Sulaimani city for the last 12 years, then to study the prevalence trend and correlation with clinicopathological parameters.

Subjects and Methods:  A descri

In Paracoccus denitrificans Pd1222 bacterium, Pden_3633 encoding gene has been nominated to encode for Isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) [1], the enzyme which involve in leucine catabolism pathway. In this study, this putative IVDH was investigated. IVDH encoding gene from P. denitrificans Pd1222 in addition to desired features for cloning, expression and purification have been designed and synthesized. The synthetic coding sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was purified as a Strep-Tagged protein with a total protein 220.5 mg. An apparent molecular weight of 42.9 kDa was determined on SDS gel. Amino acid alignment showed a very high similarity (91-96%) with corresponding IVDH from several other Paracoccus species. A

The increasing demand for energy has encouraged the development of renewable resources and environmentally benign fuel such as biodiesel. In this study, ethyl fatty esters (EFEs), a major component of biodiesel fuel, were synthesized from soybean oil using sodium ethoxide as a catalyst. By-products were glycerol and difatty acyl urea (DFAU), which has biological characteristics, as antibiotics and antifungal medications. Both EFEs and DFAU have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The optimum conditions were studied as a function of reaction time, reactant molar ratios, catalyst percentage and the effect of organic solvents. The conversion ratio of soybea

Two methods were established to separate cobalt from the spent catalyst CoMo which also contain Co, Al and Fe. The first method was the precipitation technique by controlling the pH. At pH 5, 76% of the cobalt which was collected with 1.4% Al and 0.5% Fe as contaminants. The second method was the anion exchange by using Amberlite 400 resin, 100% of the cobalt and was collected with 99.46% purity.The only contaminant was Fe with 0.54% with no Al.  For a large scale production of cobalt from this spent catalyst, a batch process was designed with a production of 80 grams per batch by using the anion exchange technique. Kilograms quantities of Co were collected.

The extrasolar planets in the vicinity of stars are expected to be bright enough
and are very difficult to be observed by direct detection. The problem is attributed to
the side loops of the star that created due to the telescope diffraction processing.
Several methods have been suggested in the literatures are being capable to detect
exoplanet at a separation angle of 4λ/D and at a contrast ratio of 10-10. These
methods are more than one parameter function and imposing limitations on the inner
working distance. New simple method based on a circular aperture combined with a
third power Gaussian function is suggested. The parameters of this function are then
optimized based on obtaining a minimum inner working dis

The economic dimensions of environmental issues are complex and unclear in many cases, there is a kind of confusion in the real relationship between economic growth and environmental regulations. Many of the negative environmental impacts are accompanied by human activities and urban and industrial development in the city, and that many of the projects that did not take into account the environmental factors during the planning and implementation of them can be detrimental, as well as natural environments, archeological sites, historical or scientific value, aesthetic or educational. It also describes the Global Environment Outlook that if current trends continue, population growth, economic growth and consumption patterns, the p

           The plants of genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) are well-known for containing the toxic metabolites called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in addition to the other secondary metabolites. Its spread in the Mediterranean area northwards to central and southern Europe, Asia, South Russia, Caucasia, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and India, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and over lower Iraq, Western desert. The present study includes the preparation of various extracts from aerial parts of the Iraqi plant. Fractionation, screening the active constituent, and identification by chromatographic techniques were carried out.Heliotropium  europaeum

The plant Dianthus Orientalis that belongs to the Caryphyllaceae family is one of the useful plants in Iraq. Its seeds are commonly used for toothache. This project provides the first comprehensive research done in Iraq and the world to study the phytochemicals and the methods of extraction and isolation of active constituents from Dianthus orientalis wildly grown in Iraq. The plant was harvested from Penjwin in AL-Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq in September 2019.The whole plant were washed carefully, dried in shade area for two weeks, and milled in a mechanical grinder to a coarse powder. The plant was defatted by maceration with hexane for 7days and dried after that extracted by cold extraction methods using

Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal protozoan parasitic disease that infects human and animals, caused by apicomplexan parasite belong to the genusof Cryptosporidium. The current study was done to record the infection rate of cryptosporidiosis in human and cattle, and genotype the clinical isolates of Cryptosporidium in Baghdad Province. A total of 265 stool sample were collected (150 from human and 115 from cattle) during the period from December 2016 to the May 2017. Cryptosporidial infection was detected using modified acid fast stain. DNA of the parasite was extracted from oocysts of positive fecal samples and nested PCR method was used for partial 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene amplification then sequence analysis for selected samples.

Aspergillus fumigatus considered to be the most important species to cause respiratory infection cases in both humans and animals especially in cats in the last decades. In this study, we focused on the isolation and identification of Aspergillus fumigates by collecting 40 samples in deferent veterinary clinics and stray cats in Baghdad city, during the period (October 2021 to January 2022), all samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. The isolates identified by the laboratory methods, it’s depend on macroscopic and microscopic appearance. The results showed that (40) swaps taken from the pharynx of infected cats, included: Aspergillus fumigatus 16 (40%), Aspergillus spp. 7 (17.5%), Aspergillus niger