The house flies Musca domestica )Diptera:musidae) are the primary carrier of many pathogens such as cholera, typhoid, anthrax, and others. The use of chemical pesticides as a basic method of control leads to many problems at the environmental and health level. The use of safe alternatives to chemical pesticides has become an urgent necessity. The research aims to find biological alternatives that are environment-friendly and non-pathogenic to humans in controlling house flies through the possibility of extracting and diagnosing some secondary metabolites produced by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and testing their effects on the second larval stage of house flies using different treatment methods that include direct spraying of the larvae, treating the food environment, and the dipping method. Secondary metabolites and toxins of Metarhizium anisopliae were extracted in liquid media PDB using a mixture of organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and methanol. The secondary metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the identification of 10 chemical compounds, including phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl (C14H22O)., Diethyl Phthalate (C12H14O4), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2 ), Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (C23H36O4) , 9,12-Octadecanoic (Z,Z )-, methyl ester ( C19H34O2), 9-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, (C19H36O2), 9,12,15-Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester,(Z,Z,Z) (C19H32O2), Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester(C19H38O2), Oleic Acid (C24H38O4), 9-Octadecanoic acid (Z)-,2-hydroxyl (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester(C21H40O4) ,and Di-n-octyl phthalate (C24H38O4 ). The results showed that the crude extract of the fungus cause the best mortality rate in the second instar larvae at concentrations of 3 and 5% after 72 hours of treatment when the mortality rates ranged between 60-100%. The mortality rates were directly proportional to the increase in concentration and time with a significant difference. The results also showed that the treatment of the food media was the most effective in affecting the larvae of flies, recording mortality rates that reached 100%, with a significant difference with direct spraying and dipping methods. These results reveal the significant efficacy of the tested secondary metabolite crude of m.anesopalae against Musca domestica which could be used as an ecofriendly alternative for insect control.
Is astronomy in the Abbasid era one of the sciences that Muslims developed at that time? The restriction of students at the hands of a large number of students, which increased the development and increase the value of monitoring mechanisms and their outstanding efforts in support and development of the Arab civilization of Islam
تقييم قابلية اداء متطلبات العمل للعاملين في الصناعة باستخدام طريقة القصور الذاتي
This paper discusses an important part of the doctrine documented by AL Imam Ali (God peace him) to the prince of Egypt “Malik al Ashter” Which charactrised by universality Where it comprised all of what the administ-rative facilities need of the responsibilities to handle the society issues and problems to have a fair society .
أستعمال التحليل الإحصائي لتقصي وضع الطفولة في العراق خلال الفترة 2006-2010
Abstract
The relationship between population and development is one of the most interrelated relations in contemporary societies. Therefore it is important focus on the demographic aspects of the population and its integration with developmental aspects, because the population is the makers of development and responsible for its success. The population composition and their qualitative composition are important factors in development. This change in age rate is because of demographic operations which lasted for long time. The change we are talking about is happing currently in Arab cou
... Show MoreThe thesis discusses the concept of the new international regionalism that emerged after the growing effects and repercussions of globalization with its economic, political and security dimensions after the end of the Cold War and the crystallization of a different international system dominated by the United States of America, so that the major countries and actors in the international system realize the danger of globalization and move towards adopting regional arrangements to contain the negative effects of globalization. The Asia-Pacific model was chosen as a model for the study.
The aim of this paper is to construct cyclic subgroups of the projective general linear group over from the companion matrix, and then form caps of various degrees in . Geometric properties of these caps as secant distributions and index distributions are given and determined if they are complete. Also, partitioned of into disjoint lines is discussed.