The purpose of the study is the city of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, was chosen to study the spectral reflection of the land cover and to determine the changes taking place in the areas of the main features of the city using the temporal resolution of multispectral bands of the satellite Landsat 5 and 8 for MSS and OLI sensors respectively belonging to NASA and for the period 1999-2021, and calculating the increase and decrease in the basic features of Baghdad. The main conclusions of the study were, This study from 1999 to 2021 and in two different seasons: the Spring of the growing season and Summer the dry season. When using the supervised classification method to determine the differences, the results showed remarkable changes. Where h

 The existence of the tax Coupled with the existence of the power of the political   Sociality and the evolution of its concept differes according to the concept of the role of the state and its evolution in the economical life and  it represents on of the main sources of funding one hand and an effective means that enables the state to intervene in various aspects of the economic life on the other hand. Tax also can be considered as a tool used to re-distribue the in class. Perhaps Iraq suffers from and in the marginalization to the role of taxes in funding and in turn the adoption of the Iraqi budget on oil revenues to finance the aspects of expenitvre which can pose a risk on the total Iraq

This research deals with the foreign policy and the Russian trends towards Iraqafter the year 2000 AD, the international variables that affect that bilateralrelationship and the importance of the position and weight of Iraq in the MiddleEast and the attempt to include Iraq in the international organizations and blocsled by China and the Russian Federation such as the Shanghai CooperationOrganization, and joining the Chinese Belt and Road project to serve interests TheIraqi economy, and an attempt to extend its influence through security alliances inthe region in general, and Iraq in particular, as the quadrilateral center of the waron terrorism in which Russia, Iran, Iraq and Syria participated, which strengthensbilateral relations between

The present study is concerned with Biostratigraphy of the Early-Middle Miocene outcrops of Jeribe Formation in the Zurbatiyah area, Wasit Governorate, Eastern Iraq. Forty-two Samples collected from Shur Sharin and AL-Hashima outcrop sections. The fossil content is rich in large and small benthic foraminifera; Twenty-one species and genus are identified in this study, in addition to coral, gastropoda, pelecypoda, ostracoda, alge, echinoid and shell fragments. According to the presence of benthic foraminifera, two Biozone have been identified in the Jeribe: Austrotrillina asmariensis-Dendritina rangi Concurrent Zone and Borelis melo curdica range zone.The age of the Formation determined as Early-Middle Miocene depending on these Bioz

Although G6PD deficiency is the most common genetically determined blood disorder among Iraqis, its molecular basis has only recently been studied among the Kurds in North Iraq, while studies focusing on Arabs in other parts of Iraq are still absent.

The present paper attempts to establish a distinction between Exochomus negripennis (Er.) and E. quadripustulatus L., depending on the characters of femoral line, male genitalia and spermatheca.

The research in the variables of the political process and government stability tried to show the impact of the political process on political stability first, and then on government stability second, given that the political process that was established in 2005 was aimed at achieving legitimacy, and its most prominent tools are elections, leading to achieving political stability, including government stability. The issue of governmental stability is one of the important issues in Iraq, but it has not been achieved, as a result of several factors, including problems in political action, as the political process has not succeeded in leading Iraq to stability.