Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an autoimmune, and inflammatory disease that is closely related to the destruction of cartilage and bone. DC-SIGN are important types of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), expressed on dendritic cells and macrophages, and have a central role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, function as pattern recognition receptors, and as cell adhesion molecules. Recent evidence has demonstrated that DC-SIGN is involved in the pathophysiological of chronic inflammation, so DC-SIGN has been linked to several autoimmune and may play an essential indicator in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the serum level of DC-SIGN in RA patients, as well as the level of DC-SIGN based on demographic characteristics. Fifty Iraqi RA patients were enrolled in the study, and a control sample of 38 healthy individuals (ascertain by laboratory and clinical tests) were included and matched by gender, age, and ethnicity with the patients. The DC-SIGN concentration was calculated in the patients’ serum and compared to control using the ELISA assay and the results revealed significantly increased serum level of DC-SIGN (12.047 ± 1.114 vs. 6.863 ± 0.806 ng/ml) was recorded in RA patients compared to controls. When correlating results, it was shown that the concentration of DC-SIGN in the serum did not record a significant difference between gender and age, as well as the blood groups. To determine the impact of the therapeutic status in RA patients on the DC-SIGN level, it was found that the concentration of DC-SIGN level was higher in untreated patients compared to treated patients. Regarding viral infection, when an investigation was conducted in RA patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the serum level of DC-SIGN in RA patients with COVID-19 showed no change in concentrations compared to uninfected RA patients.
يكتسب موضوع تدريب وتطوير العاملين أهمية بالغة في الظروف الاقتصادية الحالية التي تسودها مفاهيم وتوجهات جديدة كعولمة الاقتصاد ورأس المال المعرفي والفكري، وحيث صارت المعارف والمهارات والقابليات التي يمتلكها العاملون محركاً أساسياً باتجاه النجاح، وعنصراً مهماً في زيادة فاعلية منشأة الأعمال، وإدامة وجودها واستمرارها.
إن العاملين المدربين بشكل جيد على عمليات المنشأة وطبيعة المواد التي تستخدمها وإنتاجه
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to find out the effect of the SPAWN strategy on the life skills of second-intermediate-grade students. This study stage represented the research community within the intermediate and secondary governmental daytime schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Diwaniyah. The experiment was applied in Al-Razai Intermediate School on a sample of second-grade intermediate students, including 66 students distributed into two groups: (32) students within the experimental group and (34) students within the control group. The two groups were equivalent with a number of variables (chronological age, intelligence test, previous information test, life skills scale). The results indicated that the two groups were
... Show Moreأستعمال التحليل الإحصائي لتقصي وضع الطفولة في العراق خلال الفترة 2006-2010
Erbil city is located in the northern Iraq with a population of over one million people. Due to water crises farmers usually use wastewater and well water for the agricultural production. In this study six stations were designed to sample waste water and three from well water to define waste water and ground water characteristics. In this study, Residual Na+ Carbonate, Mg++ hazard, salinity hazard, Kelley index, %sodium, total hardness, permeability index, potential salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) were determined. The order of average cation concentrations in water was Mg2+> Ca2+ > Na+ > K+. While the proportion of main
... Show Moreان مرتكزات السياسة الخارجية العراقية لمرحلة ما بعد العام 2003 قد عكست توجهات ايجابية قادت الى صياغة مجموعة من الرؤى والتصورات الاستراتيجية الجديدة التي افضت الى اعتماد وتوظيف الوسائل والقنوات الدبلوماسية بوصفها وسائل فعالة وبطريقة متكاملة ومتوازنة من اجل تعزيز مستويات الاداء الفعلي وتحقيق جميع الاهداف المستقبلية للسياسة الخارجية العراقية في ضوء صياغة معادلة مفادها: تدعيم وترصين اداء مؤسسات صنع السياسة ال
... Show MorePurpose: studying and analyzing the nature of uncertainty as part of strategy formulation, through analyzing the uncertainty faced by managers in the modern business environment characterized by high complexity and dynamism, though developing of an idea about the uncertainty cases and how enable the mind to understand these cases.
Methodology: It was the use of inductive and analytical approach, in order to study the accumulation of knowledge towards development areas that could contribute to strengthening the strategy formulation.
Findings: Mentoring the future will not make the success for business organization but thought business organization ability to developing share mental
... Show Moreبدأ الاهتمام بموضوع الرضاء الوظيفي في مجال العلوم الإدارية خلال العشرينات من القرن الماضي، من خلال مدرسة العلاقات الإنسانية على يد (التون مايو (Elton Mayo والتي تؤكد فيه على الاهتمام بالعنصر البشري، والذي بدوره يؤثر تأثيراً كبير على الإنتاج، ومن ثم فان زيادة الإنتاج تتحقق من خلال فهم طبيعة الإفراد،
Among the different passive techniques heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) seems to be the most effective one for energy saving in heating ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC). The applications for nanofluids with high conductivity are favorable to increase the thermal performance in HPHE. Even though the nanofluid has the higher heat conduction coefficient that dispels more heat theoretically but the higher concentration will make clustering .Clustering is a problem that must be solved before nanofluids can be considered for long-term practical uses. Results showed that the maximum value of relative power is 0.13 mW at nanofluid compared with other concentrations due to the low density of nanofluid at this concentration. For highe
... Show Moreيقوم الخطأ المضمر على فكرة مبناها استنتاج الخطأ من وقوع الضرر، منشئاً بذلك قرينة قانونية بسيطة للمدعي (المضرور) تعفيه من اثبات خطأ المدعى عليه (المسؤول)، وهذا الافتراض في الاساس فكرة قضائية وجدت لمساعدة المضرور في الحصول على التعويض في حالة عدم تمكنه من تحديد خطأ المسؤول ، الا انه افتراضٌ قابلٌ لإثبات العكس من خلال نفي اي خطأ صادر عن المدعى عليه ، ويمكن نفيه ايضاً بإثبات انقطاع السببية بين الخطأ المضمر والضرر
... Show Moreيهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة أثر انموذج بوسنرفي تحصيل مادة الرياضيات لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط .
ولتحقيق هدف البحث صاغت الباحثة الفرضية الآتية :
لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا مادة الرياضيات وفق انموذج بوسنر، وبين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا المادة نفسها بالطريقة الاعتيادية في اخت
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