Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies and AZF microdeletions in 296 infertile Kurdish men in Erbil province, 289 patients diagnosed as azoospermia (97.6%) and 7 patients as severe oligozoospermia (2.4%) and 50 healthy men as control group. Twenty nine patients (9.8%) had various chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were found in sex chromosomes (93.1%; 29/27), among these abnormalities 20 patients (69%) had Klinefelter syndrome 47,XXY karyotype, 4 patients (13.8%) had 45X0/46, Xder(Y), 2 patients (6.9%) had XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13) and 1 patients (3.4%) had Mosaic Turner syndrome 46XY/45X0. The autosomal chromosomal abnormalities (6.9%; 2/29) detected in 2 patients 45, XY, rob (13;14) (q10;q10). Y chromosome microdeletions were found in 10 of 289 patients with azoospermia (3.5%), three of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFc region, 3 of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFb region, also other 3 patients had microdeletions in the b and c of AZF (AZF b,c) region, and the final one patient (10%) had microdeletions in the all a, b and c (AZF a,b,c) region. Combined Y chromosome microdeletions and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 3 patients.
In this research, the focus was on estimating the parameters on (min- Gumbel distribution), using the maximum likelihood method and the Bayes method. The genetic algorithmmethod was employed in estimating the parameters of the maximum likelihood method as well as the Bayes method. The comparison was made using the mean error squares (MSE), where the best estimator is the one who has the least mean squared error. It was noted that the best estimator was (BLG_GE).
The research explores the shapes preferred by children and the extent to which it can be utilized on the experimental kindergarten at the Woman’s School of Education. To achieve the goal, the researcher has displayed pictures that have been chosen from within the research boundaries which represent four categories: Geometrical shapes which included (squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles), agricultural shapes which included (apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes), motion pictures shapes (cartoon characters) which included (Jerry the mouse, Twitty the bird, Bugs Bunny the rabbit, and Winnie the pooh), and animal shapes which included (dogs, fishes, frogs, and horses) to the sample children of (60) child (boys and girls) that
... Show Moreتشكل سوق الاوراق المالية ركناً اساسياً من اركان هيكل النظام التمويلي في النظم الاقتصادية المعاصرة، لما تقوم به هذه الاسواق من دور مهم في حشد المدخرات المحلية وتوجيهها في قنوات استثمارية تعمل على دعم الاقتصاد القومي وتزيد من معدلات الرفاهية الاقتصادية لافراده، فضلاً عن كونها مرأة للوضع الاقتصادي العام في البلاد.
ونتيجة للروابط القوية بين سوق الاوراق المالية والاقتصاد، عُدّ استقرار ونمو
... Show MoreAfter atour-For quite somtime,in the field of research and investingation on the economic aspects and the impact of her money is mportantin the evolution and emegece of the Islamic countres,especially including especially Morkhana him specimer nigh borhood the countries of the mashreq al islami,searhout,among other things summarilesas
Violence is a very serious phenomenon affecting the upbringing and culture kids, are playing the most violent forms of development of these Phenomenon, the research aims to determine the role of the media in reducing violence, and conducted a field study on parents Children by 200 form, the results revealed the importance of the media in raising awareness of the risks of violence on the child Especially television, which hugely increased Show features, as well as the role of parents in guiding the child to buy Useful because the game to play negative impact of violence on children's health, and the media play an important role in raising awareness of these Risks through educational programs and television commercials, and o
... Show MoreAbstract
The distribution is one of the elements of the marketing mix key by which companies can to deliver their products through private channels to all customers in right time and right place to check though in which the levels desired by customer satisfaction, the and purpose of the discussion dealt with the preparation of analytical studies to explain the impact of live performance of distribution channels in achieve customer satisfaction in industrial companies, as well as the diagnosis and the reality of the research variables in companies under study and describe the kind of relationship between changers Home on the one hand and the relationship between the variables sub on the other hand, represe
... Show MoreThe family is considered one of the most important social institutions which has a
strong and clear effect on the child in forming his personality through the process
of social upbringing which works on transforming the child from a merely
biological being into an individual who has customs and traditions and the behavior
of the group to which he belongs, and till now there is no social organization or
institution that can do this process not even in partial way like the family
.Therefore depriving the child of his parents leads to depriving him of the normal
chances of growth which relate to his age stage and thus this shortcoming is hard to
treat and based on the preceding the current research aimed at the follo
The importance of teaching methods and procedures comes from the nature and significance of the questions raised inside the classroom. That is, because questions, in fact, are the means of communication and interaction in the class situation. Therefore they are considered as indispensible elements in any teaching approach. Furthermore, it is noticeable that the majority of teachers fail in using them, for questions are often casted spontaneously and without pre-planning. Hence, a delay may occur in realizing the pre-set objectives, and let alone the dominance of stereotyped questions, especially when the teachers focus on a type of question which can be directly answered from the text-book.
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... Show Moreاثر بديع الزمان سعيد النورسي على الفكر الاسلامي المعاصر في تركيا