This study focused on spectral clustering (SC) and three-constraint affinity matrix spectral clustering (3CAM-SC) to determine the number of clusters and the membership of the clusters of the COST 2100 channel model (C2CM) multipath dataset simultaneously. Various multipath clustering approaches solve only the number of clusters without taking into consideration the membership of clusters. The problem of giving only the number of clusters is that there is no assurance that the membership of the multipath clusters is accurate even though the number of clusters is correct. SC and 3CAM-SC aimed to solve this problem by determining the membership of the clusters. The cluster and the cluster count were then computed through the cluster-wise Jaccard index of the membership of the multipaths to their clusters. The multipaths generated by C2CM were transformed using the directional cosine transform (DCT) and the whitening transform (WT). The transformed dataset was clustered using SC and 3CAM-SC. The clustering performance was validated using the Jaccard index by comparing the reference multipath dataset with the calculated multipath clusters. The results show that the effectiveness of SC is similar to the state-of-the-art clustering approaches. However, 3CAM-SC outperforms SC in all channel scenarios. SC can be used in indoor scenarios based on accuracy, while 3CAM-SC is applicable in indoor and semi-urban scenarios. Thus, the clustering approaches can be applied as alternative clustering techniques in the field of channel modeling.
The phenomenon of Masculine and feminine is one of the important grammatical studies because of their influence on the sentence structure, words come either masculine and feminine type when using one of them in place of the other , this displacement might cause distribution in the sentence itself because,
The paper exposes a discourse taxonomy of language clichéd units in English and Russian, and presents some definitions of what is a cliché as being a semioticform of perceiving language and discourse. Also, it deals with language clichés as being units of structure reflecting a scheme of stereotypical situations of dialogue, whether among individuals of one culture, or in relation to cross-cultural communication. The paper proposes a taxonomy of units in language clichés in English and Russian by tackling clichés of daily use, such as professional, cultural, artistic, and scientific clichés.
Аннотация
... Show Mores The study aims to identify the fairness in the distribution of municipal services between municipal districts and areas, from point of view of municipal chamber staff and from the point of view of the citizen. It also aims to identify factors affecting the fairness of the distribution of municipal services. Municipal services were being studied : hygiene and waste, water supply, sewer, creating gardens, and street paving .Factors which examined its impact on municipal services are: resources available to municipal chamber, the managerial process at municipal chamber, and factors in the external environment surrounding municipal chamber.The results of the study showed that level of the e
... Show MoreThis paper presents a proposed method for (CBIR) from using Discrete Cosine Transform with Kekre Wavelet Transform (DCT/KWT), and Daubechies Wavelet Transform with Kekre Wavelet Transform (D4/KWT) to extract features for Distributed Database system where clients/server as a Star topology, client send the query image and server (which has the database) make all the work and then send the retrieval images to the client. A comparison between these two approaches: first DCT compare with DCT/KWT and second D4 compare with D4/KWT are made. The work experimented over the image database of 200 images of 4 categories and the performance of image retrieval with respect to two similarity measures namely Euclidian distance (ED) and sum of absolute diff
... Show MoreImage quality plays a vital role in improving and assessing image compression performance. Image compression represents big image data to a new image with a smaller size suitable for storage and transmission. This paper aims to evaluate the implementation of the hybrid techniques-based tensor product mixed transform. Compression and quality metrics such as compression-ratio (CR), rate-distortion (RD), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and Structural Content (SC) are utilized for evaluating the hybrid techniques. Then, a comparison between techniques is achieved according to these metrics to estimate the best technique. The main contribution is to improve the hybrid techniques. The proposed hybrid techniques are consisting of discrete wavel
... Show MoreIn this paper, the proposes secure system to improving security of ID card and passports is by generating cubic spline co-occurrence code (CCO code) for each ID card. The authentication part, begins passing ID card through the checkpoint then the checkpoint will check the information of card or passport by also extracting features in order to generate the cubic spline co-occurrence code (CCO code), finally comparison is made between extracted CCO code at the checkpoint and CCO code that has been printed on ID card or passport (type of fraud like change personal picture or fraud it’s information). Several tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed security system. Furthermore, the experiment results reveal that the
... Show MoreNano particles of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. The synthesized film is annealed at (200 , 300, 450) o C for 3 hours . The XRD and AFM for the analysis of its structural and micro-structural characteristic has been preformed. The average grain size was found to be about 32.50 nm .There is a preferred orientation along (200) plane with texture coefficient 1.79, 1.644, 1.763 and 1.792 for deposited and annealed films, corresponding to grain size 57,58 ,51 and 51 nm. The variations of stress with temperature is ranged from 0.157 - 0.376 GPa .