Nanocrystalline TiO 2 and CuO doped TiO 2 thin films were successfully deposited on suitably cleaned glass substrate at constant room temperature and different concentrations of CuO (0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2) wt% using pulse laser deposition(PLD) technique at a constant deposition parameter such as : (pulse Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm, constant energy 800 mJ, with repetition rate 6 Hz and No. of pulse (500). The films were annealed at different annealing temperatures 423K and 523 K. The effect of annealing on the morphological and electrical properties was studied. Surface morphology of the thin films has been studied by using atomic force microscopes which showed that the films have good crystalline and homogeneous surface. The Root M

Background: Palmoplantar psoriasis is a therapeutically challenging condition that can significantly impact patient quality of life as it directly affects activities. However, despite this impact, few clinical studies address treatment. Herbs and their extracts have been used for treatment of skin disease for centuries. One of the most popular herbs in our society is black cumin or seed of blessing oil (Nigella Sativa); this plant had diverse clinically useful activity.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq during the period between January and October 2003. In this singleblind randomly controlled therapeutic stud

Background: quality of life of cancer survivors is adversely impacted by bowel toxicity; result from pelvic radiation therapy. In the UK, 12000 patients are treated with radiation therapy for pelvic cancer, mostly with curative intent; this carries a considerable risk for normal surrounding tissues side effects.
Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the frequency, types and grade of acute gastrointestinal toxicity in radical pelvic radiation therapy in our patients so that a comparison could be made with the Western countries.
Patients and Methods: a prospective analytic study was carried out in Radiotherapy department / Oncology teaching hospital / Medical city complex, from the 2nd of January to the 30th of April 2016

Background: Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal bacteria related to the development of  superficial atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may play an important roles in host immune responses to H pylori antigens.

Aim of the study: to investigate the association between HLA-DRB1 genotypes and superficial gastritis with H. pylori infection in an Iraqi patients.

Patients and methods: Sixty patients with superficial gastritis and 100 individuals with apparently normal results after endoscopic examination were recruited from Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital - G

In this research, optical communication coding systems are designed and constructed by utilizing Frequency Shift Code (FSC) technique. Calculations of the system quality represented by signal to noise ratio (S/N), Bit Error Rate (BER),and Power budget are done. In FSC system, the data of Nonreturn- to–zero (NRZ ) with bit rate at 190 kb/s was entered into FSC encoder circuit in transmitter unit. This data modulates the laser source HFCT-5205 with wavelength at 1310 nm by Intensity Modulation (IM) method, then this data is transferred through Single Mode (SM) optical fiber. The recovery of the NRZ is achieved using decoder circuit in receiver unit. The calculations of BER and S/N for FSC system a

As they are the smallest functional parts of the muscle, motor units (MUs) are considered as the basic building blocks of the neuromuscular system. Monitoring MU recruitment, de-recruitment, and firing rate (by either invasive or surface techniques) leads to the understanding of motor control strategies and of their pathological alterations. EMG signal decomposition is the process of identification and classification of individual motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) in the interference pattern detected with either intramuscular or surface electrodes. Signal processing techniques were used in EMG signal decomposition to understand fundamental and physiological issues. Many techniques have been developed to decompose intramuscularly detec

Background: Coronary artery spasm occurs spontaneously leading to the syndrome of variant angina. It occurs in about 15 % of patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Objectives: This study sought to estimate the rate of coronary artery spasm that occurs during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention with their risk factors in patients admitted to the Iraqi center for heart disease.
Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study, We prospectively collected the data of patients over six months period (from August 2014 till February 2015 ) who developed coronary artery spasm during cardiac catheterization (diagnostic and therapeutic).
Results: Out of 1274 patients, 106 patients developed coronary artery

This research  describes the design & implementation of frequency synthesizer using single loop Phase lock loop with the following specifications: Frequency range (1.5 – 2.75) GHz,Step size (1 MHz), Switching time 36.4 µs, & phase noise @10 kHz = -92dBc & spurious -100 dBc

  The development in I.C. technology provide the simplicity in the design of frequency synthesizer because it implements the phase frequency detector(PFD) , prescalar &  reference divider in single chip. Therefore our system consists of  a single chip contains (low phase noise PFD, charge pump, prescalar  & reference divider), voltage controlled oscillator , loop filter & reference oscillator. The single chip

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. The genes of this region influence susceptibility to certain diseases.
Patients and methods: Immunofixation test is the method used to asses C4 polymorphism of 100 blood samples of 60 AIH patients and 40 healthy normal controls.
Results: An increased frequency of C4A*Q0 was observed for patients group versus control group with P-value (0.003).
Conclusions: This finding demonstrated that C4A*Q0 might play a role in AIH susceptibility.