Organophosphorus insecticide and growth regulator namely Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) are widely used as a ripening process accelerator and a cultivation duration inhibitor. Pomegranate extract (PPE) has recently been taken into consideration due to its pharmacological effects especially those associated with renal diseases. Thus, this study aims to investigate the possible protective effect of PPE against ethephon-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. In this study four groups of adult male rats were divided into control group, PPE 400 mg/kg group, Ethephon 250 mg/kg group, and finally, PPE + Ethephon group (treated with the same dose of PPE group and Ethephon group). In the current study, kidney function parameters (KIM-1, creatinine, and urea) along with oxidative stress markers, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH) and its correlated enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. Additionally, mediators of renal inflammation: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured. Apoptotic biomarkers (Bax, caspase 3, and Bcl2) in addition to renal histopathological data were also investigated. Results revealed that Ethephon elicited a significant increase in oxidation markers and reduced antioxidant levels, accompanied by oxidative renal tissue injury. Consequently, administration of Ethephon was reported to provoke secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, histopathological results showed that deformities in the renal tissues were noticed which is attributed to Ethephon exposure. Interestingly, co-administration of PPE and Ethephon resulted in significantly ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological alterations produced by Ethephon. Current results propose the potential effect of PPE in the protection of renal tissue from Ethephon induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Corrosion inhibiting admixtures are unique among other methods to protect reinforced concrete from corrosion damage. In this study, the effect of furfural on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes of 35 and 45 MPa compressive strengths as well as the corrosion inhibition of furfural was evaluated. Furfural was added at different dosages (1, 2 and 3% by weight of cement) with and without superplasticizer (HRWR). Different electrochemical measurements were performed (Half-cell potential, Tafel plot and linear polarization resistance). Electrochemical measurements confirmed that furfural dramatically reduces the rate of corrosion; the inhibition efficiencies were 62.7 and 63.8 % due to 3% furfural addition to 35 and 45MPa-concr
... Show MoreThe study seeks to explore the mental-math level among intermediate-school students. To this end, the researcher raised a question. What the level of mental math among students in the intermediate stage? Total of (576) male and female students were chosen from different schools at Al-karkh side \ general directorate of Baghdad education. So as to answer research question and hypothesis, a questionnaire of (30) items designed by the authors was administered to the study sample. T-test was used to analyze the collected data at the level of significance (0.05). Expectancy means (15) showed significant difference comparing to the achieved mean (10, 10) on mental-math test. The study concluded with students has a low level of mental math. The
... Show MoreThis research aims to know the intellectual picture the displaced people formed about aid organizations and determine whether they were positive or negative, the researchers used survey tool as standard to study the society represented by displaced people living in Baghdad camps from Shiites, Sunnis, Shabak, Turkmen, Christians, and Ezidis.
The researcher reached to important results and the most important thing he found is that displaced people living in camps included in this survey hold a positive opinion about organizations working to meet their demands but they complain about the shortfall in the health care side.
The research also found that displaced people from (Shabak, Turkmen, and Ezidi) minorities see that internati
Nuclear medicine is important for both diagnosis and treatment. The most common treatment for diseases is radiation therapy used against cancer. The radiation intensity of the treatment is often less than its ability to cause damage, so radiation must be carefully controlled. The interactions of alpha particle with matter were studied and the stopping powers of alpha particle with ovary tissue were calculated using Beth-Bloch equation, Zeigler’s formula and SRIM Software also the range and Liner Energy Transfer (LET) and ovary thickness as well as dose and dose equivalent for this particle were calculated by using Matlab language for (0.01-200) MeV alpha energy.
The research presents the "theory of happiness according to Junaid al-Baghdadi" and the theory's most significant characteristics.
The reasons for happiness, include knowledge, love, and providence, and happiness itself is the return of man or spirit to the source from which it originated.
The main purpose of this work is to introduce the concept of higher N-derivation and study this concept into 2-torsion free prime ring we proved that:Let R be a prime ring of char. 2, U be a Jordan ideal of R and be a higher N-derivation of R, then , for all u U , r R , n N .
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the standard treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Bile duct injury and accidental gallbladder perforation with spillage of bile and stone are common complications of LC. This study was carried out to assess the early complications of gallbladder perforation during LC, and identify the risk factor of that perforation.
Objectives: to evaluate the early complications which may occur after the perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to determine the risk factors which are associated with the perforation of the gall bladder.
Subjects and methods: A prospective comparative study o
... Show Moreتحليل الشراكات التجارية للعراق 2003-2013
It is axiomatic that languages mirror the world view of their users. Manipulating honorific forms among people inevitably reflects this truth . Honorifics are conventionalized forms or expressions manifested in all the world's languages and are used to express the social status of the participants in the verbal interaction and to convey indications like politeness and respect . English is no exception. However the question is what exactly creates these forms and their meanings. Although honorifics have been extensively researched from a grammatical and semantic angle , yet they haven’t received that significant attention i
... Show MoreIn the region of the north of Iraq using the method of analyzing thin section microfacies to 38 of rockyslices which were gathered from a place near Aqra city. These slides are divided into seven microfacies depending on lithologcal component and fossils.
1) Dolostone facies.
2)Recrystallized bioclastic wackestone facies.
3) Bioclastic packstone microfacies
4)Sucrosic dolomite facies.
5) Bioclastic grainstone in microfacies.
According to water energy, these facies were divided to three zone:
- a) Low energy environment.
- b) Transitional zone.
- c) High energy environment.