This paper has been taken out of a PhD dissertation titled "features of the political of Ali Al-Wardi" by the student Nahid Jaber Hassan .It was supervised by assistant professor Dr. Amer Hassan Faiyadh. Ali Al-Wardi (1913-1995) is a brilliant Iraqi Scientist. He wrote many scientific books. He created so many en lighted societal thoughts. Concerning the political affairs, Al-wardi presented opinions concerning the Iraqi Society based on the tri-concepts (The individual to be a good citizen, the society to be civic and the state to be modern). This paper is concerned with the uncovering of the concepts of authority and the state in the thinking's of Ali alwardi .He considered those variables as the basis of the tri-dimensional political

Crop coefficient for cherries was evaluated by measure the water consumption in Michigan State to find its variation with time as the plant growth. Crop coefficients value (Kc) for cherries were predicated by Michigan State University (MSU) and also by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) according to consume of water through the season. In this paper crop coefficients for cherries are modified accordingly to the actual measurements of soil moisture content. Actual evapotranspiration (consumptive use) were measured by the soil moisture readings using Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR), and compared with the actual potential evapotranspiration that calculated by using modified Penman-Monteith equation which depends on metrological statio

Nanocrystalline aluminophosphate AlPO₄-5 molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal method (HTS). Synthesis parameters like time and temperature of crystallization were investigated. Type of template (R) and ratio of R/P₂O₅ were studied also. Characterization of the synthesized AlPO₄-5 were done by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry analysis (DSC-TGA), and N₂ adsorption-desorption BET analysis. XRD patterns results showed excellent crystallinity for two types of templates, di-n-propylamine (DPA) and tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) f

Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampicin is mainly mediated through mutations in the rpoB gene. The effects of rpoB mutations are relieved by secondary mutations in rpoA or rpoC genes. This study aims to identify mutations in rpoB, rpoA, and rpoC genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and clarify their contribution to rifampicin resistance. Seventy isolates were identified by acid-fast bacilli smear, Genexpert assay, and growth on Lowenstein Jensen medium. Drug susceptibility, testing was performed by the proportional method.  DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing were accomplished for the entire rpoA, rpoB, and

Leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania spp., an endemic infectious agent in developing countries, including Iraq. Diagnosis of cutaneous lesion by stained smears, serology or histopathology are inaccurate and unable to detect the species of Leishmania. Here, two molecular typing methods were examined to identify the promastigotes of suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis samples, on a species level. The first was species-specific B6-PCR and the second was ITS1-PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using restriction enzyme HaeIII. DNA was extracted from in vitro promastigote culture followed by amplification of kDNA by B6 or amplification and digestion of LITSR/L