Loanwords are the words transferred from one language to another, which become essential part of the borrowing language. The loanwords have come from the source language to the recipient language because of many reasons. Detecting these loanwords is complicated task due to that there are no standard specifications for transferring words between languages and hence low accuracy. This work tries to enhance this accuracy of detecting loanwords between Turkish and Arabic language as a case study. In this paper, the proposed system contributes to find all possible loanwords using any set of characters either alphabetically or randomly arranged. Then, it processes the distortion in the pronunciation, and solves the problem of the missing letters in Turkish language relative to Arabic language. A graph mining technique was introduced, for identifying the Turkish loanwords from Arabic language, which is used for the first time for this purpose. Also, the problem of letters differences, in the two languages, is solved by using a reference language (English) to unify the style of writing. The proposed system was tested using 1256 words that manually annotated. The obtained results showed that the f-measure is 0.99 which is high value for such system. Also, all these contributions lead to decrease time and effort to identify the loanwords in efficient and accurate way. Moreover, researchers do not need to have knowledge in the recipient and the source languages. In addition, this method can be generalized to any two languages using the same steps followed in obtaining Turkish loanwords from Arabic.
This study aimed to identify the degree of use computers in administrative functions (planning, organization, controlling, and evaluation) among school leaders and assistants in public education schools in Sharoorah governorate ، as well as to identify obstacles of use computers in administrative functions from the perspective of school leaders and assistants male and female in public schools during the academic year 1439-1440, the study sample (66) school leaders and assistants, males (58), a and females (44), , and to answer the questions of the study, the researchers developed a questionnaire consisting of (60) items, has been verified sincerity and persistence, and data analysis was used frequencies, percentages an
... Show MoreLinguistic research according to modern curricula:
It is one of the important matters that occupy the ideas of those concerned with linguistic studies, whether Arabic or otherwise. Recent years have witnessed the advancement of this methodological approach, and books and studies in Arabic have been written on important, multifaceted issues, of grammatical and linguistic origins, and their balance with new developments and ideas attracted mostly from Western studies.
The comparative approach - as they call it - is one of the modern approaches that is based on balancing a language with other sisters belonging to its family, to reach similarities and differences between them, and to know the c
An Indirect simple sensitive and applicable spectrofluorometric method has been developed for the determination of Cefotaxime Sodium (CEF), ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (CIP) and Famotidine (FAM) using reaction system bromate-bromide and acriflavine (AF) as fluorescent dye. The method is based on the oxidation of drugs with known excess bromate-bromide mixture in acidic medium and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by quenching fluorescence of AF. Fluorescence intensity of residual AF was measured at 528 nm after excitation at 402 nm. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the ranges 0.1-3.0, 0.05-2.6 and 0.1-3.8 µg ml-1 with lower detection limits of 0.013, 0.018 and 0.021 µg ml-1 an
... Show MoreLinguistic taboos exist in most cultures. Tabooed words are generally being culturespecific
and relating to bodily functions or aspects of a culture that are sacred. Such words are
avoided, considered inappropriate and loaded with affective meaning and failing to adhere to.
Strict rules, often, governing their use and lead to punishment or public shame. These taboo
words can be used as a way of violating social deixis represented by four types of honorifics;
addressee, referent, bystander, and finally setting honorifics. This paper shows how these
taboo words are used in Kenneth Bernard's play La Justice or The Cock that Crew from the
theatre of the Ridiculous as means of violating social deixis in its four types. Th
Meaning letters in Arabic are characterized by the diversity and abundance of their linguistic material, and are also distinguished by their large number and types, to the point that some of them have reached a hundred letters confined to five categories
Arabic calligraphy has great importance in the printing designs that are often on the written character-based to perform functional goals and to achieve some of the aesthetic values in design work, has led major developments in the field of computer manufacturing and design software for the design and layout to increase to deal with the programmed character for the purposes of typesetting has confronted this Find the Arab character programmed for the purposes of typesetting for the detection of the most important design interventions that underwent the Arabic letter written to turn it into a programmed image intended for the purposes of the printing and typesetting has been addressed in the context of which the theoretical types of
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The study seeks to use one of the techniques (Data mining) a (Logic regression) on the inherited risk through the use of style financial ratios technical analysis and then apply for financial fraud indicators,Since higher scandals exposed companies and the failure of the audit process has shocked the community and affected the integrity of the auditor and the reason is financial fraud practiced by the companies and not to the discovery of the fraud by the auditor, and this fraud involves intentional act aimed to achieve personal and harm the interests of to others, and doing (administration, staff) we can say that all frauds carried out through the presence of the motives and factors that help th
... Show MoreThe data preprocessing step is an important step in web usage mining because of the nature of log data, which are heterogeneous, unstructured, and noisy. Given the scalability and efficiency of algorithms in pattern discovery, a preprocessing step must be applied. In this study, the sequential methodologies utilized in the preprocessing of data from web server logs, with an emphasis on sub-phases, such as session identification, user identification, and data cleansing, are comprehensively evaluated and meticulously examined.
This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves) using water distillation method by Clevenger apparatus. The effects of main operating parameters were studied: time to reach equilibrium, temperature (70 to100°C), solvent to solid ratio (4:1 to 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 to 900 rpm), and particle size (0.5 to 2.5 cm) of the fresh leaves, to find the best processing conditions for achieving maximum oil yield. The results showed that the agitation speed of 900 rpm, temperature 100° C, with solvent to solid ratio 5:1 (v/w) of particle size 0.5 cm for 160 minute give the highest percentage of oil (46.25 wt.%). The extracted oil was examined by HPLC.
Philology is a science concerned with issues raised about language. It is a research into the mental aspects of its origin in its various sciences. The term (philology) appeared in the writings of Arab scholars in the fourth century AH. One of the most prominent topics of philology is research on the origin and development of language; Because it is one of the topics that preoccupied thinkers and many scholars, philosophers, and theologians, as well as linguists, have tackled research in it.