Sub-threshold operation has received a lot of attention in limited performance applications.However, energy optimization of sub-threshold circuits should be performed with the concern of the performance limitation of such circuit. In this paper, a dual size design is proposed for energy minimization of sub-threshold CMOS circuits. The optimal downsizing factor is determined and assigned for some gates on the off-critical paths to minimize the energy at the maximum allowable performance. This assignment is performed using the proposed slack based genetic algorithm which is a heuristic-mixed evolutionary algorithm. Some gates are heuristically assigned to the original and the downsized design based on their slack time determined by static tim

Flexible joint robot (FJR) manipulators can offer many attractive features over rigid manipulators, including light weight, safe operation, and high power efficiency. However, the tracking control of the FJR is challenging due to its inherent problems, such as underactuation, coupling, nonlinearities, uncertainties, and unknown external disturbances. In this article, a terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) is proposed for the FJR system to guarantee the finite-time convergence of the systems output, and to achieve the total robustness against the lumped disturbance and estimation error. By using two coordinate transformations, the FJR dynamics is turned into a canonical form. A cascaded finite-time sliding mode observer (CFTSMO) is construct

Background: The study enrolled a total of 78 patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases for evaluation of the activity of enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and amylase and compared with 42 normal healthy groups with normal albumin, creatinine and other kidney functions test and the samples were obtained from different hospitals in Baghdad.
Patients and methods: Three groups of patients were included. The first group consists of 15 patients with acute kidney diseases that occurs over days to weeks in which measurement of GGT, ALP and amylase were performed. Second group consists of 38 patients suffering from acute kidney diseases for 2-3 months in which serum GGT was

In this paper, Bayes estimators for the shape and scale parameters of Gamma distribution under the Entropy loss function have been obtained, assuming Gamma and Exponential priors for the shape and scale parameters respectively. Moment, Maximum likelihood estimators and Lindley’s approximation have been used effectively in Bayesian estimation. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method, those estimators are compared depending on the mean squared errors (MSE’s). The results show that, the performance of the Bayes estimator under Entropy loss function is better than other estimates in all cases.   

In this research a study process to calculate the factor accumulation of gamma rays for aluminum and exporters cobalt 60 Mika Atktron volts and actively radiation Vdrh 1.406 Mika Bq been studying the effect of the angle of reimbursement and the distance between the shield and detector In measurements factor accumulation Adhrt results in line with the theoretical results published

The use of non-parametric models and subsequent estimation methods requires that many of the initial conditions that must be met to represent those models of society under study are appropriate, prompting researchers to look for more flexible models, which are represented by non-parametric models                  

          In this study, the most important and most widespread estimations of the estimation of the nonlinear regression function were investigated using Nadaraya-Watson and Regression Local Ploynomial, which are one of the types of non-linear

       The effect of 0.66 µeV gamma radiation on the structural and optical properties of the CdTe thin films prepared by thermal evaporation at thickness 350nm, The samples were irradiated with time (50 h and 79h) at room temperature. The absorption spectra for all the samples were recorded using UV-VIS spectrometer in order to calculate the energy gap, refractive index and others parameter . The optical energy gap was found decrease from (1.9 to 1.67) eV. 

Each Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plan needs to be tested and verified before any treatment to check its quality. Octavius 4D-1500 phantom detector is a modern and qualified device for quality assurance procedure. This study aims to compare the common dosimetric criteria 3%/3 mm with 2%/2 mm for H&N plans for the IMRT technique. Twenty-five patients with head and neck (H&N) tumor were with 6MV x-ray photon beam using Monaco 5.1 treatment planning software and exported to Elekta synergy linear accelerator then tested for pretreatment verification study using Octavius 4D-1500 phantom detector. The difference between planned and measured dose were assessed by using local and global gamma index (GI) analysis method at